Middle East Journal of Applied Science & Technology
Volume 8 Issue 3 July-September 2025
Current Issue
Research Article
Adeyemi, Oyeyemi & Opia, Benjamin Chukwudi
Abstract: Water-based drilling muds (WBMs) used in oil and gas operations are a significant source of aquatic pollution due to their complex mixture of heavy metals, hydrocarbons, and chemical additives. Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth), a fast-growing aquatic macrophyte, has been widely studied for its phytoremediation potential. However, the biochemical and oxidative stress responses of E. crassipes in WBM-contaminated aquatic environments remain underexplored. This study investigates the morphological, physiological, and enzymatic responses of E. crassipes to varying concentrations of WBM to evaluate its remediation performance and stress tolerance. A six-week experimental study was conducted using six treatment groups exposed to 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% WBM concentrations. Total dissolved solids (TDS) and electrical conductivity (EC) were measured at weeks 0 and 6 to assess ionic mobilization. Plant growth parameters (height and stem girth), chlorophyll content (SPAD units), and antioxidative biomarkers, including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and vitamin C (ascorbic acid), were analyzed in leaf, stem, and root tissues. Data were subjected to ANOVA with significance set at p < 0.05.n TDS and EC significantly increased across all WBM treatments post-exposure, indicating enhanced solubilization of drilling mud constituents. Plant height and stem girth exhibited concentration-dependent responses, with moderate WBM levels (40–60%) supporting partial adaptive growth, while extreme concentrations (100% and 20%) resulted in growth suppression. Chlorophyll content declined markedly in WBM-exposed plants, with the most severe reduction observed at higher contaminant loads. Catalase and SOD activities showed tissue-specific and concentration-dependent variations, with peak responses at 60–80% WBM in stems and roots, reflecting oxidative stress mitigation. Vitamin C accumulation exhibited a biphasic trend, with moderate WBM exposure stimulating ascorbate synthesis, while excessive contamination inhibited antioxidant capacity. Eichhornia crassipes demonstrates a nuanced phytoremediation response in WBM-contaminated aquatic systems, characterized by adaptive oxidative stress management and morphological plasticity. However, the plant's remediation efficacy is contingent on contaminant concentration, with high pollutant loads overwhelming its detoxification mechanisms. The findings emphasize the need for optimized phytoremediation strategies that consider dilution, exposure duration, and supplemental treatment measures to enhance the plant's performance in drilling waste management.
Research Article
Ridge Samson Mwale, Victor Daka, Webrod Mufwambi, Adron Mweshi Chimbala, Boris Mwanza, Martha Mwaba, Maisa Kasanga & Steward Mudenda
Abstract: Technological advancements have significantly transformed human activities, evolving from manual labour from the Stone Age to modern times. The advanced automation of machines now enhances efficiency and reduces the time required for complex tasks. Despite the growing global integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare, there is still a paucity of information on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding AI among pharmacy professionals in Zambia. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding AI among pharmacy personnel in Zambia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 316 pharmacy professionals in Zambia between August and September 2024. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0. Of the 316 participants, 108 (34.2%) were aged 20–25 years. The majority of the participants demonstrated good knowledge 202 (64.0%), 284 (90.0%) exhibited positive attitudes, and 216 (68.4%) reported good practices to AI. Statistical analysis revealed significant associations between knowledge and age (p = 0.031) and between practice and gender (p = 0.002). Most pharmacy professionals in Zambia displayed good knowledge, positive attitudes, and good AI-related practices. Knowledge was significantly associated with age, while practice was influenced by gender. Despite these promising findings, there is a need to further promote AI adoption in pharmacy to enhance patient outcomes. Additionally, educational initiatives and awareness programs should be implemented to ensure pharmacy personnel fully understand AI’s role and benefits in healthcare.
Research Article
Ritesh Kumar, Gaurav Chakrabarty, Sanjay Kumar Roy, Kartik Varwade, Anand Singh, Manish Kumar & Swapan Mahato
Abstract: This study presents a comprehensive review of landslides along National Highways in India, with a particular focus on the Himalayan Belt. By examining events over the past seven years, the paper delves into key drivers behind these frequent landslides and explores the efficacy of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in landslide prediction and management. It is anticipated that the integration of these advanced tools will improve hazard assessments, enable precise interventions, and ultimately mitigate the socio-economic impacts of landslides. The study draws on publicly available data and aims to uncover gaps in the existing research on Indian landslides. Emphasizing an innovative approach, the paper proposes enhanced prediction methods to mitigate both direct and indirect losses resulting from landslides. These suggestions are grounded in the socio-economic realities of the affected regions.
Research Article
Philosophical Analysis and Classification of Corruption and Its Types
Latipov Sardor Shavkatovich
Abstract: This article systematically analyzes the scientific and theoretical foundations, classification criteria, and approaches to the types of corruption. Corruption cases from various sources are examined based on objects, subjects, and levels of authority. The article also highlights corrupt practices in public administration, parliament, enterprises, and electoral processes, as well as the misuse of resources for personal interests. In addition, the article proposes a classification of corruption based on the status of the subjects involved, territorial scope, recurrence rate, and field of activity, with particular attention given to corruption in the private sector and international corruption cases.
Research Article
Privacy Concerns towards Information Privacy in Hybrid Teams: A Mauritian Context
Rooma Ramasamy, Dr. Vinaye Armoogum & Dr. Perienen Appavoo
Abstract: Innovative technology has revolutionized the future of work and will continue to play a vital role in hybrid working arrangements. Technology brings forward the introduction of new threats which increases privacy concerns amongst users. Research around privacy concerns has been explored using different lenses with variance in findings. The Privacy paradox theory has been put forward in various studies as an explanation for inconsistencies where users report having worries about their online privacy but have irresponsible online behavior. This study will examine the privacy paradox theory in the hybrid working environment. A quantitative methodology on a sample population working in hybrid mode (N=204) was followed by using an adaptation of the Concern for Information Privacy scale. The key findings of this study conclude a correlation between behavior and privacy concerns with a p-value of 0.012 but however having a weak relationship. It was also found that there is a disparity of behavior in the working generation with baby boomers showing more concerns and having positive behavior than Gen Z. Gender also influences behavior and concerns, with females exhibiting different behaviors as compared to males. There is a strong positive correlation between privacy awareness and concerns and between privacy awareness and behavior.
Research Article
Maung Maung Mya, Min Zaw Latt, Chit Thet Nwe, Zar Zar Aung, Thu Zar Nyein Mu, Yee Yee Myint & Sein Thaung
Abstract: Dengue hemorrhagic fever and Dengue fever are harmful to human mostly children and they are a public health problem in Myanmar. An intervention study was conducted in Ywa-Thit village Hinthada Township as test village and Tha-Phan-Pin Ward Ingapu Township as non- intervention village. Six months study was conduct from May to October 2023 in Hinthada District Ayeyarwady Region. Fifty households each were randomly selected for Ae. aegypti larvae detection in water storage containers and Larval and Pupal Indices, Kye-containers and Key-premises were measured in both areas before and after interventions. Before intervention larva consuming rate of larvivorus fishes were tested against laboratory reared 3rd and 4th instar Aedes larvae in different water volumes. One inch length of Colisa labiosus found maximum number of larvae (1553±38) consumed within 24 hours was used to control Aedes larvae in water storage containers in Ywa-Thit village. In Ywa-Thit village 2 fishes each were put in major and one to two fish each was put in minor and miscellaneous containers. Result revealed that after intervention larva positive containers were significantly reduce from 64.19%, 35.16% and 66.23% to 0%, 0.89% and 1.61% respectively in major, Minor and miscellaneous containers in intervention area of Ywa-Thit village. Larval-Indices as Container-Index (CI), House-Index (HI) and Bretuae-Index (BI) were reduced from 51.75%, 78% and 296 to 0.76%, 2% and 4. Key-containers and Key-premises were also reduced from 24, 14 to 0, 0 respectively in Ywa-Thit village. Pupal-Index (Pupae/house, Pupae/container, Pupae/person and Pupae/child) were also reduced from 3.9, 0.68, 0.96 and 4.24 to 0 each in Ywa-Thit village (P=0.001). Although after-intervention, in nan-intervention Tha-Phan-Pin Ward, container positivity, larval and pupal indices, Key-containers and Key-premises were found to be increased and Key-containers and Key-premises were found increased to 62% and 34%. Native larvivorous fish Colisa labiosus is a very effective and suitable control tool for Aedes larvae in water storage containers in Hinthada Township. In conclusion, Colisa labiosus acts as a potential larvivorous effect of Aedes larvae and an effective biological control agent, eco-friendly, non-resistance and cost- effective, to be considered as a potent natural larvicidal agent to control Aedes larvae in the community.
Research Article
Adewale Adeyemi James, John Sabo & Aliyu Muhammad Danjuma
Abstract: This paper introduces a novel unified numerical approach to obtain explicit approximations of initial value formulations (IVFs) encompassing ODEs ranging from first- to third-order. The proposed technique leverages Chebyshev polynomials as basic functions and is developed using continuous schemes formulated through both collocation and interpolation strategies. It operates on a block-by-block basis, providing an efficient framework for numerically solving ODEs of multiple orders. The convergence properties of this method are thoroughly examined through the lens of zero-stability and consistency. In-depth discussions unfold, shedding light on the efficacy of this approach in addressing first, second, and third-order ODEs. Through comparative analyses against existing methods, it is distinctly evident that the proposed model surpasses its counterparts in terms of accuracy, marking a significant advancement in the numerical treatment of IVPs. This model not only introduces a unified approach for diverse ODE orders but also stands as a testament to its superior performance, establishing itself as a noteworthy contribution to the realm of numerical integration methodologies.
Research Article
Adekunle A. YEKINNI, Mondiu O DUROWOJU, Johnson O. AGUNSOYE, Lateef O. MUDASHIRU & Lukman A. ANIMASHAUN
Abstract: This study explores the development of innovative lightweight composites by optimizing stir casting conditions and evaluating the hardness properties of aluminium alloy reinforced with graphene and rice husk ash (RHA). A fixed graphene nanoparticle reinforcement of 0.4 wt.% was used, while the RHA content varied at 0.8 %, 1.2 %, and 1.6 % by weight, with particle sizes of 150 µm, 300 µm, and 600 µm respectively. To guarantee even distribution of reinforcements, the stir casting procedure was carried out at a speed of 140 rpm and a duration of 2 minutes. A statistical method called Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to plan the experiments and enhance the process parameters concerning the hardness of the composite. The resulting cast was machined into a suitable coupon for hardness tests in accordance with ASTM standards. In order to build linear regression equations for the attributes of composites produced under these conditions, the obtained data were subjected to an ANOVA at a 5% level of significance. The influence of RHA weight fraction and particle size on the hardness of the hybrid composite was critically analysed. Results indicated that the incorporation of graphene nanoparticles significantly enhance the hardness of the composite due to their superior mechanical properties and effective load transfer at the matrix-reinforcement interface. Additionally, RHA content and particle size had a substantial impact on the composite’s hardness, with finer particle at optimal weight fraction contributing to better dispersion and interfacial bonding. The developed RSM model showed a strong correlation between experiment and predicted values, validating its effectiveness in optimizing composite fabrication parameters. This study provides valuable insights into sustainable and cost-effective reinforcement of recycled aluminium cans with graphene and rice husk ash for high-performance aluminium-based composites.
Research Article
Joanne P. Golocino, Princess M. Dagongdong, Alyssa Fate A. Panganiban & Leenald M. Resma
Abstract: The study was a determination of the sensory qualities of candy formulated from calamansi (Citrus macrocarpa) leaves in terms of taste, texture, appearance, color, and aroma. It sought to produce and introduce an innovative and eco-friendly product by utilizing the flavor of calamansi leaves in candy-making. A descriptive-experimental research method, which is measured through a structured five-point Likert scale, was employed to the 100 respondents: 100 students and 10 teachers of Lungsodaan National High School who assessed four various formulation of the candies, namely: (1) 100g of sugar, (2) 200 gram of sugar, (3) 100g of sugar with cornstarch and food color, and (4) 200g of sugar with cornstarch and food color. The statistical evaluation involved analyzing the data with basic descriptive measures – mean and standard deviation - followed by one-way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) and post-hoc comparison. ANOVA indicated strong statistical significance for the taste and texture overall ratings, with classroom teacher panels showing the clearest differentiation of means. In addition, the analysis identified the combination of cornstarch, added coloring, and elevated sugar level as key discarded, can indeed serve as an acceptable flavoring for confectionery applications. The outcomes encourage larger-scale trials to optimize ingredient ratios and highlight a clear market gap for distinctive, regionally manufactured sweets, thus inviting both academic and entrepreneurial follow-up.
Research Article
Manish Acharjee, Dr. Rahul Dev Choudhury, Priyanshu Prabal Dutta & Dr. Gunjana Atreya
Abstract: Cardiovascular fitness, measured through Resting Heart Rate (RHR) and Maximal Oxygen Uptake (VO2 Max), is critical for optimizing athletic performance. High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and Fast Continuous Training (FCT) are two aerobic conditioning modalities widely used to improve cardiovascular efficiency, but their comparative effects remain insufficiently studied in adult competitive athletes. This study aimed to compare the effects of an 8-week HIIT and FCT program on RHR and VO2 Max in adult athletes, thereby evaluating the efficacy of each training modality in enhancing aerobic performance. A randomized controlled trial design was employed involving 90 adult athletes (45 males and 45 females, aged 21-26), randomly located into three groups: HIIT (n=30), FCT (n=30), and Control (n=30). RHR and VO2 Max were assessed during pre- and post-intervention using Polar H10 monitors and Vmax Encore Metabolic Cart, respectively. Data were analysed using ANCOVA (Analysis of Covariance) to control for pre-test differences, followed by Tukey’s post-hoc comparison. Post-intervention results revealed statistically significant improvements in both RHR and VO2 Max across the training groups (p < 0.05). The HIIT group exhibited the most significant reduction in RHR (62.72 bpm) and the highest increase in VO2 Max (52.12 ml/kg/min), outperforming both FCT (RHR = 65.06 bpm; VO2 Max = 49.40 ml/kg/min) and the Control group (RHR = 70.32 bpm; VO2 Max = 41.28 ml/kg/min). Effect sizes were large for both RHR (η² = 0.950) and VO2 Max (η² = 0.982), indicating robust model fit. The findings confirm that both HIIT and FCT are effective in improving cardiovascular parameters among adult athletes, with HIIT demonstrating superior efficacy in a shorter duration. These results support the strategic incorporation of HIIT in training regimens aimed at maximizing aerobic performance and cardiovascular health.
Except where otherwise noted, content on this site is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International License.
