Research Article

Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles via Bioinspired Utilization of Plant Waste Extract and their Characterization

Ruchita Gandhi & Dipak Koche

Page No. 01-08

 Abstract: Over the past few years, agricultural science has ventured into various novel products and technologies, with metal nanoparticles emerging as highly promising tools. They are anticipated to play an important role in modern agricultural practices. As a result, there is an urgent demand for an eco-friendly, safe, and non-toxic approach to tackle the challenges faced in agriculture and the food industry. Furthermore, waste management presents a challenge in both the agricultural and food industries. Citrus sinensis peels, being among the most underutilized and widely available bio-waste residues, present a significant challenge in waste management for the food industry. The present study addresses this issue by demonstrating the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using extract derived from Citrus sinensis fruit peels. The peel extract serves both as a reducing agent and a precursor for nanoparticle synthesis. Verification of ZnO NPs synthesis was achieved through UV-visible spectroscopy, indicating a distinct peak in between 300-400 nm. Additionally, comprehensive characterization of these bioinspired green-synthesized nanoparticles was conducted using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) facilitated the examination of particle morphology and size distribution, revealing irregularly shaped crystals predominating among the synthesized nanoparticles. The presence of ZnO NPs was further confirmed through X-ray diffraction analysis detecting the average NPs size of about 48nm. On the basis of their size, the synthesized ZnO NPs could be utilized effectively for their medicinal as well as agricultural applications.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46431/MEJAST.2024.7401

Research Article

Government Assurances in Zambia: An Analysis of Implementation and Challenges

Prof. Lawrence Mwelwa, PhD & Prof. Gideon Mwanza, PhD

Page No. 09-25

 Abstract: This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the implementation of government assurances in Zambia, with a focus on the key sectors of finance, energy, water development, and education. Government assurances represent formal commitments made by government officials in response to parliamentary queries and serve as critical tools for ensuring accountability and transparency in governance. The study primarily examines the 2023 Action-Taken Report (ATR) presented to the National Assembly of Zambia, which details the progress made in fulfilling these assurances. Drawing on Public Accountability Theory, the paper explores how parliamentary oversight mechanisms influence the implementation of public policy, particularly in developing contexts. The research adopts a qualitative approach, utilizing secondary data from the ATR, supplemented by relevant academic literature and government publications. Thematic analysis was employed to identify patterns and recurring themes related to the implementation process, such as financial constraints, bureaucratic inefficiencies, and weak inter-ministerial coordination. Through this method, the study seeks to answer key research questions, including the extent to which government assurances have been implemented, the challenges hindering their execution, and potential strategies for improving the effectiveness of public policy in Zambia. The findings reveal that while progress has been made in some areas—such as the Zambia Growth Opportunities Programme and the Lusaka Sanitation Programme—significant barriers remain. Financial limitations due to Zambia’s debt burden, coupled with delays in international funding, have constrained the government’s ability to allocate sufficient resources for public projects. Additionally, bureaucratic inefficiencies, particularly in procurement processes and inter-ministerial coordination, have led to delays in project implementation, particularly in rural electrification and infrastructure development. In response to these challenges, the paper proposes several recommendations aimed at improving the implementation of government assurances. These include enhancing domestic revenue mobilization to reduce reliance on external funding, strengthening inter-ministerial coordination mechanisms, and reforming procurement processes to improve efficiency. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of developing robust monitoring and evaluation (M&E) systems to ensure timely tracking of project progress and to improve public accountability. By contributing to the broader discourse on governance and public policy in Zambia, this paper offers valuable insights for policymakers, government officials, and scholars interested in improving the effectiveness of government assurances in developing contexts. It emphasizes the need for comprehensive public sector reform and suggests pathways to strengthen the capacity of government institutions to deliver on their promises, ultimately improving service delivery and fostering public trust in government institutions.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46431/MEJAST.2024.7402

Research Article

Effects of seed size and germination percentage with different treatments in Holoptelia integrifolia

N.K. Bohra, Ajay Kataria, Manita Manda & Rawalram

Page No. 26-35

 Abstract: Holoptelia integrifolia is an important tree of tropical and temperate regions owing to its uses as an afforestation tree as well as a traditional medicinal plant. A study was carried out to know variations in seed size and germination in seeds collected from various locations. Seeds from 13 locations in different parts of Rajasthan. Variation in seed size and germination percentage by using different treatments and plant growth regulators. Detailed results and a futuristic approach are presented in this paper.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46431/MEJAST.2024.7403