Japanese encephalitic (JE) is a public health problem in many part of Myanmar. The disease was transmitted to human by the bite of vector Culex mosquitoes. The study was conducted in Moe-Kaung, Pake-Tar-Gyi, Au-Kyun and Yay-Lein villages in Wakema Township, Ayeyawady Region and in Pake-Tar-Gyi where JE cases were reported. Fifty houses each was randomly selected from each village near with the pig farm. Mosquitoes were collected in all selected houses and pig farms using WHO sucking tubes. Result found that JE main vector Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was abundantly collected in all study areas. The JE vector density (54.14%) was highest than other species in Wakema Township. The highest number of JE vector was found n=529 in Moe Kaung village followed by n=512 in Pake Tar Gyi and peak biting time was found at 10-11pm. Suspected vector Cx. vishnui was abundantly found in Pake Tar Gyi and Au Kyun villages than others. Very low number of Cx. gelitus was collected only in Au Kyun. Filarial vector Cx. quinquefasciatus was highest number in Pake Tar Gyi village n=83 followed by in Moe Kaung village n=75. Only three species of Anopheles mosquitoes were collected in Moe Kaung and Pake Tar Gyi villages, An. hyrcanus was collected in all villages, highest in Yay-Lein village. Culex tritaeniorhynchus larvae were abundantly found in rice field water and polluted water pools and stagnant water pools near or under the thatch plants. Highest density of main vector and suspected vectors were found in JE transmitted areas. Pig are main host of JE virus, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus adult and larvae were abundantly collected in polluted water sources in all selected villages and JE cases are available in Pake Tar Gyi village. Therefore, Modified agriculture practices, pig vaccination, rigorous monitoring, vector control, and improved living standards can reduce morbidity of JE cases. This study provides further information on risk of JE transmission in study areas. Environmental and ecological factors are responsible for the spread of JE virus. Therefore, VBDC need to distribute LLINs nets and health education to all family members to prevent JE transmission in villages.
Keywords: Japanese encephalitis (JE), Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Primary, Secondary, Vectors, Pig Farms, Mosquitoes, Density, Larvae, Habitats.
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Source of Funding:
This study did not receive any grant from funding agencies in the public or not-for-profit sectors.
Competing Interests Statement:
The authors have declared no competing interests.
Consent for Publication:
The authors declare that they consented to the publication of this research work.
Ethical Approval:
Not Applicable.
Author’s Contribution:
All the authors took part in data collection and manuscript writing equally.
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