Review Article

The Myth of The Secular Nigerian State and National Development

Loveday Enyinnaya Ogbuleke

Abstract: Nigeria is a secular state in theory, religion supremacy functions has been the expression of political identity and facts obviously in conflicts over resources, land, and political offices. Increasing clashes between religious groups, predominantly Muslim and Christian have taken the nation from what used to be peaceful coexistence to violent disharmony. For the course of this paper, region in politics is as old as the history of the Nigerian state. What is new in the current exclusion is the extent to which religion dominates national life. The myth of the secular Nigerian state that purports to separate the institutions of religion from those of the government has failed to translate into reality. Indeed, there is evidence to show that Nigeria's troublesome religious conflict, especially during election and beyond will negatively affect national development. It is against this backdrop that the paper traces the historical and contemporary issues of religion plurality in the challenge of national development, with particular attention to the security dilemma for Nigeria in the 21st century, paying attention to the growing influence of the unchecked religion in politics, and its significance to modern politics and how this accounts for increasing manners of conflict in Nigerian states. This paper therefore makes some recommendations and concludes that there cannot be any meaningful national development without proper interreligious peace and harmony.

Research Article

Role of Urine Specific Gravity in Nail Growth

Muhammad Imran Qadir & Sana Zainab

Abstract: Urine specific gravity is the parameter of urinalysis that is utilized to check the elements of kidney and different sickness conclusion. The principle capacity of the kidney is to clear the water-solvent mixes like poisons and misuse of digestion. Numerous squanders are evacuated through the urine, and centralization of urine is additionally done by kidney so is the reason there is least loss of supplements and water in the waste. Nails are a crucial a part of human body. These are found on the tip of fingers and toes. Nails are one among the two tissues that doesn't corrupt once demise of the individual, the other being hair. These involve effortful, keratinized squalors cells that are approximately associated with the basic creature tissue. Urine test is the straightforward method to check your wellbeing and test for infections. One primary concern in the test that generally checked is explicit gravity of urine. Prior to taking an example, specialist may request that you do a few things that readied you for a test. As a matter of first importance, specialist may request that you leave taking meds that may bothers your outcomes. Total of 100 subjects took part in this examination work and they were understudies in Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.

Research Article

Relationship between Human Body Weight and Urine pH

Muhammad Imran Qadir & Hafiz Shahid Hussain

Abstract: The objective of this study was to correlate body weight and urine pH. The classification of urine as it is dilute acidic or basic solution known as urine pH. Neutral pH of urine is seven. If the solution pH is less than seven, then it is acidic. If the pH of the solution is greater than seven, then it is basic. When the concentration of sodium ions is more, greater the acidity of the urine solution. Alkaline urine contains bicarbonates-carbonic acid buffer. Acidosis, diarrhea, dehydration and starvation is faced when the pH is acidic. Normal body weight is necessary for a proper heath. If there is a high level of cholesterol leads to many disease, like cardiac diseases and many more. Subjects took urine sample in a container and then dipstick test was performed. We dipped the stick for 2-3 seconds and then allow to change the color of the stick. After that, we compared the color variation with the standard and then noted the values for the urine pH. We took the urine sample of the patients and meanwhile we measured the weight of the patients. We analyzed the results by estimating the percentages. In this project, it was a questionnaire based study in which we asked the patients about their pH in urine. of the samples. There were four different categories of body weights and also noted the readings accordingly. It was concluded that human body weight and urine pH had a significant relationship.

Research Article

NUTREASE POWDER: Nutritional Therapy for Male & Female Fertility

Govind Shukla, Monica Yadav, Anusha Palkamshetti, Shirisha K, Navya Vancha & C.J.Sampath Kumar

Abstract: Nutrients present in Nutrease powder play an important role in maintaining the normal functions of the human body. The major nutrients present in Nutrease powder include Natural carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, and minerals. Besides these, there are some bioactive food components known as “phytonutrients” that play an important role in human health. They have tremendous impact on the health care system and may provide medical health benefits including the prevention and/or treatment of disease and various physiological disorders such as Andropause or Male menopause. Phytonutrients play a positive role by maintaining and modulating immune function to prevent specific diseases. Being natural products, they hold a great promise in clinical therapy. Phytonutrients in Nutrease powder are the plant nutrients with specific biological activities that support human health. Some of the important bioactive phytonutrients in Nutrease powder include polyphenols, terpenoids, resveratrol, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, carotenoids, limonoids, glucosinolates, phytoestrogens, phytosterols, anthocyanins, and probiotics. They play specific pharmacological effects in human health such as anti-microbial, anti-oxidants, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-spasmodic, anti-cancer, anti-aging, hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic, neuroprotective, hypotensive, diabetes, osteoporosis, CNS stimulant, analgesic, protection from UVB-induced carcinogenesis, immuno-modulator, and carminative. This article reviews the current available scientific literature regarding the effect of Nutrease powder as an effective supplementation in Male & Female Fertility.

Research Article

Usage of Plastic Bags and Environment, Health Hazards: A Study to Access Awareness Level Among a Small Population of Trincomalee Town

Suthajini Thiruketheeswaranathan

Abstract: Plastics and polythene are non-biodegradable in nature, made from non-renewable resources and it can be remained in the environment for several years. The usage of plastic and polythene bags is one of the major reasons for the environmental and health hazards. This study was done to find out the current status of awareness level of the environment and health hazards associated with the usage of plastic and polythene bags among people who live in Trincomalee town area. Survey was conducted in Trincomalee town in April 2019. Data was collected by questionnaire survey to any adult member in each of the selected household. Most of the participants (78%) had an awareness of environment and health hazards. Even though participants continuing to use due to the easy availability and durability.

Review Article

Wireless Requirements and Benefits in the Academics Domain

Nayyar Ahmed Khan

Abstract: The scope of the WIFI project is not limited to a specific realm of the participants in the university. As part of a five-year strategic plan of the IT deanship, the project aims to create a consistent user experience across the various building of University, including the provision of wireless network access. The access to the network on the go can be a really great endeavor for the information exchange and the information fetch at instances when needed. This last issue became critical in the summer of 2014, when the more number of extra access point of the network are needed, which require civil work and extra time to get ready. This was a very typical scenario in which wiring and cabling was a burden and an overhead for the entire vicinity of the employees including the implementation team and the stakeholders. Moreover there are various issues that are known to everyone regarding the cable LAN and its maintenance. We had already traditionally viewed wired as good enough for everybody, however over the past times the scenario is changing and it is becoming a very drastic problem where the more the expansion of the network is done the more are the chances of the faults in the network and the system designs. Thus it becomes a very needful situation where a solution is to be figured out for the networks and its maintenance.

Review Article

Role of Bioremediation in Environment

Tehmina Bibi, Shazia Manzoor, Sadia Azhar, Muhammad Saeed & Muhammad Asif Raheem

Abstract: Bioremediation is the process in which the micro-organisms are used to degrade the pollutants from the environment. Plants and micro-organisms are used to clean up the environment. Bioremediation is carried out by microbes and their metabolisms are used to remove the contaminants. Microbes have the ability to resolve the issue of contaminated ecosystem1. To improve or better living style the degradation of contaminated areas is very important. Importance of the biodegradation is increasing due to the expensiveness of the chemicals. So bioremediation is the best choice. The effluents should be degraded from the environment because they are very dangerous and have a bad impact on human beings. These pollutants sink into the water and cause pollution. These pollutants are treated with the help of microbes in bioremediation process. It is the best method because it is cost effective and eco-friendly. Different techniques of bioremediation are used to convert toxic substances into less toxic substances.

Research Article

Towards Permanently Resolving The Niger Delta Crisis

Loveday Enyinnaya Ogbuleke

Abstract: Sustainable peace and security remains a key challenge in the Niger Delta region. But the Niger Delta question seems to defy all known solutions. Due to fact that the parties are not sincere at getting the issues resolved because certain individual(s) or group(s) are benefiting or the government lacks the will power to confront the problem politically. Despite the region justified for over 80% of government revenue, 95 % of export receipts and 90% of foreign exchange earnings, the region still nursing with communal tensions, political competition, organized criminality, and resource-based conflicts, militancy, piracy, cultism, election violence, communal violence, armed robbery, kidnapping, unemployment, poverty, land disputes and lack of infrastructures varying at state and Local Government Area (LGA) levels. The study therefore recommended: the development areas should be funded by the Federal Government through direct budgetary allocations. The development areas would have the mandate to ensure urgent infrastructural and socio- economic transformation of the Niger Delta. They should be domiciled in the oil producing communities, and should carry the locals along in the execution of their mandate. Activities of the development areas should be subjected to periodic review through a feed- back mechanism put in place by the Federal Government to ensure optimal performance, appropriate skill knowledge to ameliorate poverty, strengthening of anti-corruption agencies among others.

Research Article

Is there any Relationship between Human Body Weight and Urine Leukocytes?

Muhammad Imran Qadir & Hafiz Shahid Hussain

Abstract: The objective of this study was to correlate human body weight and urine leukocytes. A complete blood cell analysis also measures the leukocytes level. In blood stream, if level of leukocytes is higher than normal it may an indication of infection. This infection may be in the bladder or in the urethral tube that carries urine from bladder. In urine, leucocytes may be due to kidney stones, pelvis tumor and any other type of blockage in urinary tract. Frequent urination, burning sensation and cloudy urine indicates leukocytes in urine. In this method, stick was dipped for few second in a sample container and then compared with the chart given. Dipstick procedure was followed and tested for the urine leukocytes. Results were analyzed by estimating the percentages of the samples. There were four different categories of body weights and also noted the readings accordingly. It was concluded that there was no significant relationship between body weight and urine leukocytes.

Research Article

Impact of Genetically Modified Food on Human Health

Muhammad faisal, Muhammad Saeed, Misbah Aslam & Muhammad Asif Raheem

Abstract: Any nutritious substance that people or animals eat or drink or those plants absorb in order to maintain life and growth is called Food. With the huge increasing population of the world, food production from natural resources could not meet their needs. So researchers move to produce more food using molecular-level techniques. This type of food is called genetically modified food (GM food), whose genetic material has been altered which is not present already in nature. GM food is made to increase nutrient content by alternation, has many advantages for humans as it increases the nutritional content and formation of pest, drought, herbicide, and cold resistant plants. But at the same time, it has negative impacts also. It is genetically unsafe, causing organ damage and allergic reactions in the digestive tract. The researchers are trying to do their best to produce crops with their desired characteristics by using molecular-level techniques.

Research Article

Molecular Markers as a Diagnostic Tool

Muhammad Asif Raheem, Misbah Aslam, Muhammad faisal, Nimra Izhar and Rana Khalid Iqbal

Abstract: Molecular markers are the DNA sequences that are used to tag or highlight specific genes or nucleotide sequence in the genome. In the past, diagnosis, and monitoring of infectious disease, there many conventional methods like Biotyping, Ribotyping and Protein analyses are used but these methods are not so reliable and exact. So by the invention of the molecular markers, the detection of diseases was started by using these molecular markers. In this review, we discussed different types of molecular markers that are used to detect diseases and many purposes as diagnostic tools. The Molecular markers include Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), Random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD), Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), Simple sequence repeats (SSR), Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat Amplification (ISSR), Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequences (CAPS) and Sequence Characterized Amplified Region (SCAR) are discussed in the article.

Review Article

Oculocutaneous Albinism & Cutaneous Malignant Tumors

Muhammad Fakhar Iqbal Fareedi, Muhammad Arif Saleem, Sumaira Bibi, Muhammad Saeed & Muhammad Asif Raheem

Abstract: Albinism is a genetically inherited disorder characterized by hypopigmentation of the skin, hair, and eyes due to a reduced or lack of cutaneous melanin pigment production. The mode of inheritance of albinism is thought to vary, depending on the type. The oculocutaneous type is considered autosomal recessive, and the ocular variant sex-linked. Oculocutaneous albinism exists in four forms. One form involves the tyrosinase gene (OCA1), whereas the other form (OCA2) has recently been associated with alterations of the P gene on chromosome 15. There are five types of OCA; of these OCA1 and OCA2 are by far the most frequent types. OCA type 1 (OCA1) occurs with a frequency of about 1/40000 worldwide. (SCC) carcinomas and malignant melanoma (MM)—and collectively they represent the commonest cancers of humans, with intense exposures (especially in early life) and chronic exposures being linked to MM and SCC/BCC, respectively. Globally, variation in skin pigmentation (measured by the proxy of reflectance) in indigenous populations correlates strongly with levels of UVR exposure quantified by satellite measurements, which in turn correlates strongly with latitude. As most persons with severe forms of OCA are very prone to sunburn, the progenitor basal cell keratinocytes of sun-exposed skin of albinos are at great risk of undergoing sunlight-induced malignant transformation. SCCS in albinos can arise de novo or from premalignant actinic lesions such as sunlight keratosis, in which the keratinocytes have already undergone a sunlight-induced initial transformation. Sunlight regularly causes these genetic alterations that are referred to as UVR-associated “signature mutation and these signature mutations drive the malignant transformation of sunlight-induced SCCS [36, 38]. Initially transformed keratinocytes are immunogenic and thus generate immune responses which can modulate or control tumourigenesis, but sunlight-induced immunosuppression may critically interfere with this protective mechanism.

Research Article

Plant Transformation in Biotechnology

Gulshan Atiq, Nasrullah, Sonia kanwal, Muhammad Asif Raheem & Rana Khalid Iqbal

Abstract: Plant transformation permits the introduction of the gene of interest for producing novel transgenic plants. "When a gene from one species is moved or relocated to another species by using recombinant DNA technology are called genetically modified organisms. Genetic engineering is one way to modify the plants by selecting for desired traits. Genetically modified organisms have foreign genes derive from not only plant source but also from bacteria, viruses, fungi, insects and animals. Transformation is the introduction and addition of the desired gene in plant for the generation of transgenic plant. Plant transformation is a challenging process for scientists. DNA transfer by artificial methods like DNA transfer through physical method is micro-injection, biolistic or gene gun methods, electroporation, silica carbide, microinjection, lipofection, microinjection. DNA also transfers by chemical methods. In natural method like in biological method, Agrobacterium-mediated transfer, Rhizobium, virus-mediated and planta transformation. Plant transformation involves three phases target gene, Plant tissues, vector for successful transformation. Plant transformation offers a momentous means to gain desire character or trait of interest. Plant transformation technique benefit agriculturalists to grow more crops in less area of land. And give more yield at less cost consumption. Plant transformation technology is familiarizing many crops with our desired characters. This review explains the natural method of plant transformation and benefits of transgenic plant.

Review Article

A Study on Preference Level of Education-Based Mobile Application Reference to Engineering College Students

Dr.M.Suresh Kumar & K. Saranuisri

Abstract: Product development is a broad field of endeavor dealing with the design, creation, and marketing of new products. Sometimes referred to as new product development (NPD), the discipline is focused on developing systematic methods for guiding all the processes involved in getting a new product to market. The marketing representative analyses customer needs and desires. The marketing representative suggests possible product ideas that customers want and are willing to pay for. They conduct market research to determine how much customers would pay for the product and how many units customers would purchase. India is a big IT hub for several globally recognized companies. Reasons for this are that software development and service in India was highly cost effective. Before the introduction of Android, the market of mobile app development industry as dominated by Symbian and iOS. Then android has come with the option for dynamic application development at lower cost which rapidly increased the popularity of Android in India. People willing to use smart-phone have a new option as Android which is cheaper than other smart-phones. In Education sector to elevate its service to the students these mobile apps will be more helpful.

Review Article

A Study on Occupational Stress Level of Employees in Textile Shops with Special Reference to Tirupur

Dr.K. Premalatha & N. Vishnuvarthini

Abstract: Stress has become a major concern of the modern times as it can cause harm to employee’s health and performance. In this difficult economy, many of us are finding it harder to cope with stress in the workplace. While some stress is a normal part of the workplace, excessive stress can interfere with productivity and reduce physical and emotional health. The ability to manage stress in the workplace can not only improve your physical and emotional health, it can also make the differences between success and failure on the job. Through this study I would like to know about the stress level and how do they maintain and manage their stress during their work in textile shops. The project is about “A study on Occupational Stress level of employees in textile shops with special reference to Tirupur was conducted among the employees. A standardized questionnaire suitable to the study was framed and subjected to pilot study to test its reliability and validity. Based on the findings of the pilot study some modifications were made in the questionnaire. The study was based on employees at various levels in the Tirupur. The responses of a sample of 150 respondents were collected and analyzed using the statistical tools like Factor analysis, Chi-square, Correlation, Percentage and Percentage Analysis method.