Middle East Journal of Applied Science & Technology

Volume 5 Issue 1 January-March 2022


Research Article

Application of Life Cycle Assessment Tool on Biodiesel Production: Assessing the Environmental Impact of Biodiesel

Suthajini Thiruketheeswaranathan

Page No. 01-06

 Abstract: Bioenergy is an economic and ecological alternative energy, derived from biomaterials such as bioethanol, biomass, biodiesel etc. Therefore, biodiesel is a renewable and biodegradable fuel could be manufactured from vegetable oils, animal fats, or recycled restaurant grease. Traditionally world believes that the renewable energy has no impact on environment and ecology. Therefore, the key objective of this study is to assess the environmental undesirable impact associated with the production of biodiesel. The present research used the cooked oil (waste) as a feedstock for biodiesel production and assesses the life cycle impact of one ton of biodiesel. The life cycle of this product involves four stages including collection of feed stock, pre- treatment, transportation/ delivery stage and transesterification process. Waste oil was collected from food industry. After the pre-treatment of waste cooked oil, it was allowed for the transesterification process. The environmental impact was analyzed by SimaPro 7.1 software. Although, biodiesel is a renewable energy, one ton of biodiesel production contributes to the global warming potential around 287.3 kgCO2 eq. However, the amount is smaller than other conventional fuel such as fossil fuel and coal. Other environmental impacts such as Eutrophication, terrestrial eco-toxicity can be negligible. The transesterification stage is the main reason for the (69.27%) total environmental impacts.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.46431/MEJAST.2022.5101


Research Article

Factors Influencing the Satisfaction with the Family Planning Services among Women of Reproductive Age Seeking Services at Health Facilities in Siaya County, Kenya

Dennis Kimanzi Kinyoki, Dr. Daniel Onguru, PhD & Dr. George Ayodo, PhD

Page No. 07-26

 Abstract: Client satisfaction is considered as one of the desired outcomes of health care and it is directly related to the utilization of health services. It reflects the gap between the expected and the experience of the service from the client's point of view. Currently, one of the most significant challenges in healthcare institutions is client retention as this problem has been largely attributed to the inherent lack of enough and satisfactory service to clients. It is against this background that the purpose of this facility-based, cross-sectional study was to investigate the factors influencing the satisfaction with the family planning services among women of reproductive age seeking services at health facilities in Siaya County, Kenya. The study was conducted among women of reproductive age seeking FP services in 4 sub-county public hospitals: Bondo, Ukwala, Madiany, and Yala, in Siaya County, as well as healthcare providers serving the women during the period of study. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the participants in quantitative findings while the purposive sampling technique was used for qualitative data. Data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires for women receiving service and a key informant interview guide for healthcare workers. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics using STATA (v 15) while qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis. Most (60.06%) of the clients served were aged between 20-24 years and 194 (56.56%) were married. The majority (92.71%) of the clients had high satisfaction with the services they received at the health facilities, and women with high levels of interaction with the providers were about 68% more likely to be satisfied with the FP services as compared to females with low provider-client interactions (OR= 0.68, p=.021<0.05). There was no statistically significant association between satisfaction and facility level, age category, marital status, who referred the females for FP services, the source of FP information, waiting time, cost of service, and level of education (α = 0.05). The Ministry of Health, through the individual health facilities and relevant stakeholders, should identify mechanisms of maintaining the satisfaction of women using family planning methods, while ensuring more information is provided by the mainstream healthcare workers.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.46431/MEJAST.2022.5102


Review Article

Problems of Social Relations in the Writings of Ghazali

Dilfuza Kaxramonovna

Page No. 27-32

 Abstract: This article is dedicated to formation of overlook of Аbu Xаmid Ghаzali and the influence of sufism to this process and the article devoted to analysis of views of Abu Khamid Ghazali about philosophers and the morality which are based on book of “The morality of Muslims”.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.46431/MEJAST.2022.5103


Review Article

Factors for Increasing the Activity of Youth of Uzbekistan in the Field of Science and Education

Khudaynazarov Azamatjon Urinbaevich

Page No. 33-37

 Abstract: The article examines the factors that increase the activity of young people in Uzbekistan in the field of science and education as a guarantee of the country's development. The article also notes that the socio-political reforms in the field of science and education in the country create a social strategy to increase the participation and activity of young people in socio-political processes, effective solutions to some problems in science and education and a new stage of state youth policy conclusions and socio-political analysis were analyzed.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.46431/MEJAST.2022.5104


Review Article

Alzheimer’s Disease and Role of Apolipoprotein E in Alzheimer’s Disease

Muhammad Imran Qadir & Khadija Qammar

Page No. 38-43

 Abstract: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is progressive, irreversible, neurodegenerative memory disorder linked with somehow aging and comes under the umbrella of dementia. It may be rare Familial AD or randomly occurring Sporadic AD. Some preventable acquired risk factors and non-preventable e.g., age and genetics are the main risk factors for Alzheimer’s. The most essential genetic risks factor for (LOAD) late onset of Alzheimer’s disease is APOE genes present on chromosome 19, has three major alleles (e2, e3, and e4). We can slow Alzheimer’s but cannot prevent or stop it till now. Some non-drug treatments, like physical activity, social engagement, nutritious supplemented food, and FDA approved drugs i.e., Donepezil, Galantamine, cholinesterase inhibitors, Mementine, Antidepressants, Antipsychotics and mood stabilizing medication helps to reduce AD.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.46431/MEJAST.2022.5105


Review Article

Aquaculture, Hydroponics Agriculture and Aquaponics: Presentation of the State of the Art and of their Possible Integration

Farné Stefano

Page No. 44-52

 Abstract: The paper presents a wide literature review on Aquaculture, Hydroponics Agriculture and Aquaponics and their contribution to face issues related to food security, urban population growth, farmland shortages, “food miles”, and associated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Then a plant for their integration in a unique plant is presented referring the detailed description to a future scientific paper.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.46431/MEJAST.2022.5106


Research Article

Retailers’ Outlook on Men’s Deodorant Products in Virudhunagar District

Dr.S.Tephillah Vasantham & M.Kaushik Balan

Page No. 53-59

 Abstract: This paper aims to know about the Retailers’ outlook towards various brands of deodorants. The objective of the paper is to study the factors influencing the preference of deodorant products in retailers. For this study, 85 retailers were considered as sample. The data is collected using a structured questionnaire. They were enquired about the fast-moving deodorant, awareness and preferences of deodorant products. For the analysis purpose, statistical tools and techniques like Chi-Square and Weighted Average are used. Many retailers were aware of deodorant products. This Summer paper lays emphasis on the retailer’s opinion on various brands of Men’s Deodorant. A Total sample of 85 is taken for study. The data has been collected using structured questionnaire from the retailers by meeting from the retailers by meeting them in person. The various factors influencing the brand preference has been identified. Statistical software SPSS was used to carry out data analysis and statistical test like Chi-Square and weighted average was used in this study.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.46431/MEJAST.2022.5107


Research Article

Can Deep Sea Water be Processed into Potable Water and Distributed into the Middle East?

Diane Roessler Weinert

Page No. 60-118

 Abstract: The study will conclude with a way to develop institutional structures implementing Solow’s conceptualization of inter-generalization that can collaborate peace and increase funds for quality water throughout the Middle East. The study integrates quantitative statistical data and defends the argument that every individual has the right to fresh quality drinking water. The study formulates a hypothesis to gain control, offers visibility into the water industry in the Middle East, and delivers reliable information. Identify what the commonalities between different sectors were and where synergies lay in terms of governance paths (Tiller et al., 2021. P.1). The study is a quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods approach that includes an e-mail chain, service partners, auditing, and project scope. Synergy and value are targeted with partnerships. Communication of science is implemented to include theory, details, methods, and imperial results. The plan is to gain a comprehensive insight into indicators of water levels and quality with artificial intelligence and synthetic intelligence. Artificial Intelligence can rebuild itself (Capitol Technology, 2022. P.1). Artificial Intelligence that can be transcended containment (Capitol Technology, 2022. P.1). Machine learning is exploding as an application of narrow AI (Artificial Intelligence), used to comb through vast amounts of data to better develop and market products (Capitol Technology, 2022. P.1). Cultural transparency will be investigated along with how the government manages reluctance and how they build strong relationships. A focus is on building a network of founder's challenges facing our world today to demonstrate how interconnected we are and how the fates of all people are bound up together (President Biden, 2021). The outbreak of a virus overseas can cause profound grief and suffer at home (President Biden, 2021). Energy data will be reported to show key metrics and will be compared to countries in the Middle East and measured in amounts of water consumption and renewable energy. “Questions such as these will be answered by world data,” “how water is produced by renewable energy”? Conflict a continent away can create endangers our security (President Biden, 2021). Economic downturns abroad can mean lost jobs and shuttered businesses in towns across the globe (President Biden, 2021). Global climate change worsens hurricanes in the Gulf, floods in the heartland, and wildfires in the West (President Biden, 2021). Because of global warming areas in the world are becoming scarce of potable water for a variety of reasons. Yet what is sure in the oceans is an infinite source of water that is not dependent on rainfall be used to provide potable water for all these drought-stricken regions.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.46431/MEJAST.2022.5108


Research Article

VLSI Implementation of DENLMS Adaptive Filter for Biomedical Applications

C.Venkatesan, T.Thamaraimanalan & R.Latha

Page No. 119-127

 Abstract: Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) implementation of the Delayed Error Normalized LMS (DENLMS) adaptive filter using a pipelined architecture is proposed and it can be used for biomedical applications. The proposed pipelined VLSI architecture increases the performance of adaptive filters by lowering the amount of time spent on critical path calculation. When compared to the current Error Normalized Least Mean Square (ENLMS) method for pipelining purposes, the DENLMS technique requires an additional delay element, and because of the delay element, the algorithm functions faster and more effective in low-power applications. The proposed pipelined architecture of the DENLMS filter, on the other hand, improves the efficiency while consuming less power overall. The cell leakage power reduction and total dynamic power reduction obtained by using the DENLMS filter are 31.8% and 33.5%, respectively, although the overall area of the filter has increased by 20.4%.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.46431/MEJAST.2022.5109