Middle East Journal of Applied Science & Technology
Volume 7 Issue 3 July-September 2024
Research Article
Effect of Seed size and pre-sowing treatment on seed germination of Terminalia bellirica
N.K. Bohra, Manita Manda, Rawalram Jat & Harpool Dudi
Abstract: Terminalia bellirica Roxb is a large tree up to 40 meters high belongs to family Combretaceae. Due to over-exploitation (because of its multipurpose uses), tremendous population pressure, rural poverty, absence of appropriate government policy, accelerated growth of synthetic drugs and inappropriate utilization of forest products, these vital plat resources are being declined besides these, natural regeneration through seeds is very poor, uncertain and required long time to germinate, thus the State Forest Departments avoid the species in the afforestation and/or reforestation programs. Seeds from different locations in Rajasthan were analyzed for seed quality as well as germination potentials with different treatments. GA3 was found to increase seed germination in comparison to others. A detailed work with review work on its reproductive biology is presented in the present study.
Research Article
Aegle marmelos- Effect of Seed size and pre-sowing treatment on seed germination
N.K. Bohra, Manita Manda, Ajay Kumar Katariya & Prakash Yadav
Abstract: Aegle marmelos (L) corr. is a medicinal tree, mentioned in Charka Samhita and mentioned as necessary item in Ayurvedic medicine. Its fruits and leaves are used to treat dysentery, dyspepsia, neurological disease, edema, vomiting, and rheumatism. Seeds of Bael were collected from three locations in Rajasthan. These seeds were after proper cleaning and storage was tested for germination vigour and other parameters using different treatments and growth regulators in different concentrations. It was found that about 50 percent of germination occurs in freshly harvested seeds without any growth regulators and with GA3 it increases to 75 percent. Various other parameters viz. mean germination time and average germination percentage etc of all three seedlots were tested and presented in this paper.
Research Article
AGBARA Gervase Ikechukwu, SALIHU Ibrahim, KASSUM Litini Afodia, KYARI Bawagana & UMATE Ibrahim
Abstract: Pearl millet flour was fortified with Bambara groundnut flour (0-20%) to form blends used in Kunun tsamiya preparation. Functional and microbiological profiles of the flours and modified kunu samples as well as proximate and sensory properties were evaluated. Fortification had raised the nutritional value of the foods. Swelling power and water absorption capacity had increased with an increase in the level of bambara groundnut flour addition whereas bulk density and viscosity had decreased, the results were as follows- swelling power (23.512-27.654%), water absorption capacity (3.300-4.650 g/g), bulk density (0.791-0.779 g/cm3), viscosity (48.625-56.555 mPa-s). The moisture content, ash, fat, protein, fiber, carbohydrate and total energy levels were found as follows- 78.90-83.64%, 0.24-0.35%, 1.88-3.95%, 3.52-6.02%, 0.70-0.78%, 5.27-14.77% and 80.69-90.02 kcal/100g respectively. The concentration of anti-nutritional factors, alkaloids, flavonoids, phytic acids and tannins ranged from 0.03 to 0.07g/100g, 0.12 to 0.19g/100g, 2.21 to 4.29g/100g and 0.04 to 0.07g/100g respectively. The minerals contents were found to be significant as follows Ca (21.82 to 26.53 mg/100g), Fe (5.19 to 6.24 mg/100g), Zn (1.71 to 2.11 mg/100g), P (83.39 to 93.28 mg/100g), Mg (1.04 to 1.08 mg/100g), K (65.84 to 81.34 mg/100g), Na (8.60 to 10.59 mg/100g). In-vitro protein digestibility at 1h ranged between 66.86 to 68.76% and 68.17 to 69.17% at 6hrs; starch digestibility ranged between 68.99 and 72.17%. Microbial findings generally revealed moderate counts with a total microbial load of 1.41x103cfu/g in the K0MfB (100:00) formulation. Salmonella and Escherichia coli were not detected in Kunun tsamiya samples made from an 80:20% millet-bambara nut flour blend. Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidemidis, Salmonella spp, Klebsiella spp, Pseudomonas spp and Escherichia coli were isolated with the following percentage occurrences 27.92%, 20.13%, 12.34%, 16.88%, 17.86% and 4.87% respectively. Sensory evaluation results revealed that Kunun tsamiya from 80:20% millet-bambara groundnut nut flour blends had better taste, aroma and general acceptability and as such the food formulation was the most liked, nutritious and as well most preferred by the test panelists. Therefore it's concluded that fortification of pearl millet with bambara groundnut at 20% level enhanced the nutrient density of the resulting kunu tsamiya without adversely affecting its well-known organoleptic properties.
Conceptual Analysis
Concept Analysis on Human Dignity in Patient Care
Shumaila Abdul Rehman, Zarina Abdul Rahman, Shagufta Parveen & Abdul Rehman
Abstract: Introduction: In nursing education and practice, human dignity is an essential professional value, particularly when it comes to ethical considerations. Dignity, which comes from the Latin word for uniqueness and worth, includes ideas like honor, independence, and self-worth. Methodology: To investigate the meaning of human dignity in clinical practice, particularly for hospital-admitted patients, this paper uses Walker and Avant's concept analysis method. Determining characteristics like autonomy, privacy, and the maintenance of self-respect is done by looking at literature and actual clinical cases. The analysis emphasizes how important it is to treat patients with dignity through polite conversation, pain management, cultural awareness, and compassionate care. Result: The results highlight how crucial it is to protect human dignity to lessen healthcare disparities and enhance patient outcomes, satisfaction, trust, and compliance. Comprehending and incorporating the notion of dignity into nursing practice has the potential to improve patient care while maintaining ethical norms.
Research Article
Navigating Intellectual Crossroads: Intersections of Modern Western Thought and Islamic Reformism
Shumaila Abdul Rehman, Iffat Naz, Khush Bakht, Shagufta Parveen & Dr. Adeela Bashir
Abstract: Introduction: The article begins by outlining the historical and intellectual context of the interaction between Modern Western Thought and Islamic Reformism. It highlights the challenges and opportunities arising from the convergence of these two intellectual traditions, noting the significant impact of Western secularism, scientific inquiry, and rationality on global discourse, including Islamic societies. The introduction sets the stage for a detailed exploration of the exclusivist and inclusivist movements and their implications for Islamic societies. Objectives: The primary objective of this article is to examine the intellectual challenges and opportunities presented by the interaction between Modern Western Thought and Islamic Reformism. It aims to provide insights into the diverse perspectives within Islamic societies, the clash between tradition and modernity, and the potential for reconciling religious faith with reason. The article also seeks to foster a deeper understanding of the historical and cultural contexts that shape these debates and to promote respectful dialogue and critical inquiry. Conclusion: The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of fostering mutual understanding and respectful dialogue between Eastern and Western philosophies. It underscores the need for a nuanced approach that considers historical and cultural contexts to bridge the epistemological gap between these two intellectual traditions. By promoting critical inquiry and embracing pluralism, the article suggests that both Islamic and Western societies can engage in a productive exchange of ideas, ultimately contributing to intellectual advancement and societal progress.
Research Article
Nadira Nasim & Tahseen Raana
Abstract: Academic writing is a critical skill for nursing students, essential for effective communication, critical thinking, and evidence-based practice in healthcare settings. With advancements in healthcare technology and the increasing emphasis on evidence-based practice, nursing students must develop strong academic writing skills to navigate the complexities of healthcare documentation and contribute to the evolving body of nursing knowledge. However, little is known about the specific challenges faced by nursing students in this domain. Through semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis, this study investigates the multifaceted nature of challenges encountered by nursing students in academic writing. Methodology: A qualitative study design is used at College of Nursing AFPGMI using purposive sampling; a sample of five MSN students was collected. Thematic analysis was done to get results. Results: Findings reveal several key themes that highlight the complexities of nursing students’ experiences. Language proficiency emerges as a significant challenge, with students struggling to master grammar, syntax, and academic vocabulary. Integration of evidence-based practices into writing presents difficulties, including identifying, evaluating, and synthesizing research findings. Time management and workload pressures compound these challenges, as students balance academic assignments with clinical placements and other responsibilities. Conclusion: Language proficiency surfaced as a significant challenge, with students grappling with grammar, vocabulary, and academic style. Integrating evidence-based practices into writing posed difficulties, highlighting the need for enhanced research skills and critical thinking. Time management and workload pressures compounded these challenges, underscoring the importance of effective planning and prioritization.
Research Article
Factors Affecting Consumers’ Impulsive Buying Behaviour in Selected Supermarkets of Saudi Arabia
Dr. Faran Ahmad Qadri
Abstract: This study was conducted to examine the factors that affect consumers’ impulsive buying behavior. The research was based on a field survey of 470 customers of Riyadh, Makkah, and Jeddah. Promotional offers, window display, mannequin display, store atmosphere and were the variables used in the study to find out how they affect consumers’ impulsive buying behavior. Simple linear regression was used as the statistical tool for data analysis. The findings highlighted that promotional offer, window display, mannequin display, and store atmosphere trigger consumers’ impulsive buying. The research will surely be useful to supermarkets of the selected cities as they know the things that they have to incorporate to increase sales and customers’ satisfaction.
Research Article
Economic Development Opportunities and Solution Analysis
Dinh Tran Ngoc Huy, Pham Anh Dung, Le Ngoc Nuong, Le Thi Han, Dinh Tran Ngoc Hien & Pham Hung Nhan
Abstract: This article focuses on analyzing opportunities analysis for Vietnam economic growth in recent years. Method: Include qualitative research method, synthesis and inductive methods. Results: Authors stated opportunities for economic development including but not limited to: M&A opportunities in the RE market still rising; coming from policy innovation efforts from the government (local); positive economic growth (average 5.2% last 3 years); develop new economic models on cycle economy, green economy, sharing economy, digital economy, chip industries, robotic, etc.
Research Article
Jashvinder Singh, Ekhschit Bharat & Anil Sao
Abstract: Purpose: Indigenous herbal medicinal plant neem, tulsi and aloe vera are widely used in homemade preparation as well as commercial in cosmetics preparation due to established efficacy and safety profile. Aim: This study aims to formulate and evaluation polyherbal body lotion incorporating tulsi (Ocimum sanctum), aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis), and neem (Azadirachta indica). Approach: The method involved formulation of poly herbal body lotion incorporating hydro-alcoholic extracts from these herbs followed by comprehensive laboratory based assessments of physicochemical parameters such as pH, washability, spreadability, stability to ensure product quality and effectiveness along with sensory evaluations like skin irritation, smoothness, and user acceptability. Result: In accordance to results, the polyherbal body lotion demonstrated satisfactory formulatory assessed physicochemical parameters which ensure product quality and accepted smoothness and hydration to skin with no reported allergy. Conclusion: The findings suggest that this herbal body lotion is a promising natural alternative to synthetic skincare products, offering enhanced skin protection and moisturization.
Review Article
Self-healing polymer materials: Basic concepts and applications
Vo Thi My Nga
Abstract: Since the past few decades, the trend of researching self-healing materials such as ceramic, concrete, and self-healing polymer has always been a very hot topic in materials science. Considering polymer self-healing materials (and their composites), several hundred new articles are published yearly. What is the self-healing feature? This is the ability of materials, thanks to some special mechanisms, to self-recover from damage (scratches, cuts...) returning to an almost intact state. This ability is achieved by adding external healing agents (the specialized term is "healing agent"), or based on dynamic interactions between internal components in the material. If in the past, self-healing polymer materials thanks to the addition of foreign materials (extrinsic self-healing) were of interest in development, in recent times, intrinsic self-healing polymer materials (intrinsic self-healing) have been developed and received more attention. Whether self-healing internally or externally, self-healing polymer materials have many applications such as raw materials for manufacturing sensors, electronic components, surface protection layers, and medical implants... With the ability of application, self-healing polymer materials are an area that attracts a large number of research facilities and technology companies around the world.
Research Article
Md. Rabiul Islam, Mst. Sahela Rahman & Radha Rani Paul
Abstract: This investigation explores consumer pharmaceutical purchasing behaviors using an extensive data set from Bangladeshi medical supply vendors. Over 29 months, we analyzed 30,947 transactions involving 3,016 unique items. By employing association rule mining, we identified common product purchase combinations and recurrent patterns reflecting customer behavior and market dynamics. We thoroughly analyzed association rules and periodic items to understand how varying support and confidence levels impact rule formation and product recognition. As support levels increase from 0.5% to 5%, fewer but more significant rules emerge, with a fixed support level at 0.75% and confidence at 10%, demonstrating a trade-off between rule quantity and significance. A category-specific analysis shows that higher support levels lead to fewer rules, indicating a greater acceptance of specific products. Through customized algorithms, this study uncovers patterns and trends in pharmaceutical purchases, providing insights that could influence marketing tactics, policy decisions, and stock management in the healthcare retail industry. These results offer a comprehensive understanding of consumer behavior and market demands in a vital sector of Bangladesh’s economy.
Research Article
Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among nurses of Jinnah Hospital Lahore
Asifa Jamil, Saba Nazir, Nimra Jamil, Sumaira Sharif & Umbreen Dildar
Abstract: Introduction: Nursing is a professionally challenging and stressful job and nurses are at high risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among nurses of Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. Methods: A questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, which was selected using a convenient sampling technique. A questionnaire comprised of demographic data, risk factors, psychological factors and the Nordic scale, was distributed among 100 nurses. One hundred nurses returned a filled questionnaire response rate of 100 percent. Data was analyzed using SPSS statistics IBM 23. Results: The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in nurses of Jinnah Hospital, Lahore was eighty four percent and the most common site being the lower back 69% followed by shoulders 64%, neck 60% and ankle 56%. Married and morning shift nurses were more prone to MSDs and seventy percent of them were between the age limit of 21 to 30 years. Psychological factors affecting nurses are overburdening (91%), having less break periods (87%) and poor working environment (77%). Standing position (93%), Repetition of work (84%) and holding patients while shifting patients (55%) are the most important risk factors. Conclusions: A high proportion of nurses reported MSDs at some body sites in their occupational life with lower back injuries the most. Education programs on prevention of musculoskeletal disorders are recommended for nurses in order to reduce the risk of MSDs and promote patients care.
Research Article
More Recommendations on Relationship between R&D and Economic Innovation
Dinh Tran Ngoc Huy, Pham Anh Dung, Le Ngoc Nuong, Le Thi Han, Dinh Tran Ngoc Hien & Pham Hung Nhan
Abstract: The goal of this article focuses on analyzing More Recommendations on Relationship Between R&D and Economic Innovation in recent years. Method: Methodology includes Qualitative research method, synthesis and inductive methods. We also expand SWOT model by adding Value part analysis on it. Results: Authors stated opportunities for values adding including but not limit to: the deep level of R&D will affect commercial activities (and of enterprises); R&D will improve productivity, market expansion and R&D will change process of firms.
Research Article
Maung Maung Mya, Sein Thaung, Than Tun, Sai Zaw Min Oo, Nay Yee Yee Linn, Tin Oo, Khin Thet Wai, Yan Naung Maung Maung & Zaw Than Htun
Abstract: Japanese encephalitis is a public health problem in many parts of Myanmar. The diseases are transmitted to human by the biting of vector mosquitoes. The study was conducted in JE suspected cases occurred villages ThaPhan Pinseit and ThaPyu Pinseit villages in ThaPhan Pinseit RHC and PaukGone and SarPhyusu villages in PaukGone village in PaukGone RHC from Ayeyawady Region were selected for JE vector surveillance from December 2023 to March 2024. 50 houses from the pigs were randomly selected from each village. Mosquitoes were collected in all selected houses and pig farms using WHO sucking tubes. Larvae were collected in and around 1 Kilometer radius from study sites. Result found that JE main vector Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was abundantly collected in all study village and the highest number of vectors Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was collected from SarPhyusu village 2284 followed by ThaPyu Pinseit 1890 and lowest number of main vectors was collected in ThaPhan Pinseit village (1268). In overall collected mosquitoes, the highest density was found 74.18% of main vector Cx. tritaeniorhynchus followed by suspected vector Cx. vishnui 10.04%, and lowest density was observed Mansonia and An. vagus 0.33% each. Peak biting time of main vector Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was found 9-10 pm. Suspected vector Cx. vishnui was also collected in high number in all villages. Nine species of mosquitoes were collected from the study villages. Of this only four species of An. hyrcanus, An. barbirostris, An. vagus and An. tesellatus were collected. These Anopheles species were available in PaukGone and SarPhyusu villages. Anopheles hyrcanus was collected from all villages. Culex tritaeniorhynchus larvae were abundantly collected from rice fields, polluted water pools and stagnant water pools with plenty of hyacinth plants and also larvae were collected in concrete jars, Bago jars and metal drums water which water was stored for fire water. High density of main vector and suspected vector were collected in all JE suspected villages, pig farms, pigs, and breeding sources of vectors mosquitoes were available in the villages and also JE suspected cases are available in the all villages. This study provides information of high collection of main vector adult and larvae on risk of further transmission in the study areas. Environmental and ecological factors are responsible for the spread of JE virus. Therefore, awareness of community to vector borne diseases control activities and health education to all family members should be strengthened to prevent JE transmission in the villages.
Research Article
Turdiev Bekhruz Sobirovich
Abstract: The intellectual heritage of Central Asia during the 9th to 12th centuries represents a golden age of scientific and philosophical achievement, deeply influencing the trajectory of global knowledge. This article delves into the profound contributions of eminent figures from the Eastern Renaissance, including al-Farabi, Abu Rayhan al-Beruni, Abu Ali ibn Sina, Yusuf Khos Hajib, and Nizamulmulk. These scholars not only advanced various scientific disciplines but also profoundly shaped political and philosophical thought. Through a detailed analysis of their works, the article highlights how these thinkers articulated visions for an ideal state that prioritized human dignity and well-being. Their philosophies underscored the importance of justice, the rule of law, and the moral imperative of governance that serves the common good. By examining their emphasis on creating equitable and enlightened societies, the study sheds light on their enduring impact on both regional and global conceptions of statecraft and societal progress. The article further explores how these scholars' ideas on governance and societal development resonate with contemporary discussions on justice and human rights, offering timeless insights into the role of philosophy in shaping humane and effective political systems. Their legacy, deeply rooted in the cultural and intellectual milieu of their time, continues to inspire modern thought and policy-making.
Research Article
Nigina Karimovna Shamsutdinova
Abstract: The ability to observe "olami akbar" (great world) or the macrocosm, through the eyes of the soul and to comprehend the inner essence of a Sufi through self-knowledge are two of the mysteries of Ibn Sina's teachings on Sufism that the author focuses on in particular. The article examines the secret knowledge of "botin"(inner) and its manifestation in the Sufi views of Ibn Sina. The author's research highlights not only Ibn Sina's contributions as a scientist but also his perspective on Sufism and how he evaluated the virtues of their actions. In his allegorical work "Risola ut-Tayr" Ibn Sina compares the human soul to the birds of paradise. They have to make a long journey through the vast expanses of Earth, Space and the Universe to a blissful Kingdom. By the way, he described in a figurative form the stages of the cognitive process that lead a person to understand the Truth and realize his important destiny. But this path of knowledge is not covered with heavenly flowers and roses. Therefore, Ibn Sina calls his followers - "Brothers in truth" to follow the following basic principles of knowledge. First and foremost, people who aspire to knowledge and excellence, divulge their trade secrets, and serve as mentors and teachers to others. Secondly, while keeping all of the doctrine's secrets hidden, the esoteric content of knowledge ought to be made available to the "general public" in an open manner. Language symbolism is the most effective means of disseminating knowledge. Thirdly, you should never take your accomplishments for granted. Any laziness is disastrous for science and knowledge.
