This article analyzes the issue of the relationship between the state and society in Western philosophical thought from a historical and philosophical perspective. It examines the views of ancient Greek thinkers such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, as well as the socio-political ideas of modern philosophers including Hobbes, Rousseau, and Voltaire. In addition, the essence of the state, its role in society, and the interrelationship between the individual, society, and the state are explored. Furthermore, theoretical approaches formed in different historical periods are comparatively analyzed, and their common and distinctive features are identified.

Keywords: Society, Justice, Enlightenment, Sovereignty, Stability, Wisdom, Philosophy, Knowledge, Doctrine, Social Life, Humanity, Social Stability.

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This study did not benefit from grant from any non-profit, public or commercial funding agency.

Competing Interests Statement:

The author has declared that no competing financial, professional or personal interests exist.

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The author contributed to the manuscript and consented to publication of this study.