Middle East Journal of Applied Science & Technology (MEJAST) is the dominant journal for publishing innovative research ideas in arts, science, medicine, law, engineering and technology domains with relevant applications. MEJAST welcomes full papers, communications, technical notes, critical and tutorial review articles, editorials, and comments, in addition to the literature reviews that are prepared by an expert panel. This includes, but is not restricted to, the most recent progress, developments and achievements in all the below mentioned domains.
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View MoreResearch Article
Adeyemi, Oyeyemi & Opia, Benjamin Chukwudi
Abstract: Water-based drilling muds (WBMs) used in oil and gas operations are a significant source of aquatic pollution due to their complex mixture of heavy metals, hydrocarbons, and chemical additives. Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth), a fast-growing aquatic macrophyte, has been widely studied for its phytoremediation potential. However, the biochemical and oxidative stress responses of E. crassipes in WBM-contaminated aquatic environments remain underexplored. This study investigates the morphological, physiological, and enzymatic responses of E. crassipes to varying concentrations of WBM to evaluate its remediation performance and stress tolerance. A six-week experimental study was conducted using six treatment groups exposed to 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% WBM concentrations. Total dissolved solids (TDS) and electrical conductivity (EC) were measured at weeks 0 and 6 to assess ionic mobilization. Plant growth parameters (height and stem girth), chlorophyll content (SPAD units), and antioxidative biomarkers, including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and vitamin C (ascorbic acid), were analyzed in leaf, stem, and root tissues. Data were subjected to ANOVA with significance set at p < 0.05.n TDS and EC significantly increased across all WBM treatments post-exposure, indicating enhanced solubilization of drilling mud constituents. Plant height and stem girth exhibited concentration-dependent responses, with moderate WBM levels (40–60%) supporting partial adaptive growth, while extreme concentrations (100% and 20%) resulted in growth suppression. Chlorophyll content declined markedly in WBM-exposed plants, with the most severe reduction observed at higher contaminant loads. Catalase and SOD activities showed tissue-specific and concentration-dependent variations, with peak responses at 60–80% WBM in stems and roots, reflecting oxidative stress mitigation. Vitamin C accumulation exhibited a biphasic trend, with moderate WBM exposure stimulating ascorbate synthesis, while excessive contamination inhibited antioxidant capacity. Eichhornia crassipes demonstrates a nuanced phytoremediation response in WBM-contaminated aquatic systems, characterized by adaptive oxidative stress management and morphological plasticity. However, the plant's remediation efficacy is contingent on contaminant concentration, with high pollutant loads overwhelming its detoxification mechanisms. The findings emphasize the need for optimized phytoremediation strategies that consider dilution, exposure duration, and supplemental treatment measures to enhance the plant's performance in drilling waste management.
Research Article
Ridge Samson Mwale, Victor Daka, Webrod Mufwambi, Adron Mweshi Chimbala, Boris Mwanza, Martha Mwaba, Maisa Kasanga & Steward Mudenda
Abstract: Technological advancements have significantly transformed human activities, evolving from manual labour from the Stone Age to modern times. The advanced automation of machines now enhances efficiency and reduces the time required for complex tasks. Despite the growing global integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare, there is still a paucity of information on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding AI among pharmacy professionals in Zambia. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding AI among pharmacy personnel in Zambia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 316 pharmacy professionals in Zambia between August and September 2024. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0. Of the 316 participants, 108 (34.2%) were aged 20–25 years. The majority of the participants demonstrated good knowledge 202 (64.0%), 284 (90.0%) exhibited positive attitudes, and 216 (68.4%) reported good practices to AI. Statistical analysis revealed significant associations between knowledge and age (p = 0.031) and between practice and gender (p = 0.002). Most pharmacy professionals in Zambia displayed good knowledge, positive attitudes, and good AI-related practices. Knowledge was significantly associated with age, while practice was influenced by gender. Despite these promising findings, there is a need to further promote AI adoption in pharmacy to enhance patient outcomes. Additionally, educational initiatives and awareness programs should be implemented to ensure pharmacy personnel fully understand AI’s role and benefits in healthcare.
Research Article
Ritesh Kumar, Gaurav Chakrabarty, Sanjay Kumar Roy, Kartik Varwade, Anand Singh, Manish Kumar & Swapan Mahato
Abstract: This study presents a comprehensive review of landslides along National Highways in India, with a particular focus on the Himalayan Belt. By examining events over the past seven years, the paper delves into key drivers behind these frequent landslides and explores the efficacy of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in landslide prediction and management. It is anticipated that the integration of these advanced tools will improve hazard assessments, enable precise interventions, and ultimately mitigate the socio-economic impacts of landslides. The study draws on publicly available data and aims to uncover gaps in the existing research on Indian landslides. Emphasizing an innovative approach, the paper proposes enhanced prediction methods to mitigate both direct and indirect losses resulting from landslides. These suggestions are grounded in the socio-economic realities of the affected regions.