Middle East Journal of Applied Science & Technology
Volume 6 Issue 2 April-June 2023
Review Article
A Brief Survey on Recommendation System for a Gradient Classifier based Inadequate Approach System
R.Sowmya, Dr.T.Ananth Kumar, Dr.R.Rajmohan, Dr.P.Kanimozhi, Dr.Christo Ananth & Sunday A. AJAGBE
Page No. 01-08
Abstract: Recommender systems are a common and successful feature of modern internet services. (RS). A service that connects users to tasks is known as a recommendation system. Making it simpler for customers and project providers to identify and receive projects and other solutions achieves this. A recommendation system is a strong device that may be advantageous to a business or organisation. This study explores whether recommender systems may be utilised to solve cold-start and data-sparsely issues with recommender systems, as well as delays and business productivity. Recommender systems make it easier and more convenient for people to get information. Over the years, several different methods have been created. We employ a potent predictive regression method known as the slope classifier algorithm, which minimises a loss function by repeatedly choosing a function that points in the direction of the weak hypothesis or the negative gradient. A group that is experiencing trouble handling cold beginnings and data sparsity will send enormous datasets to the suggested systems team. The users have to finish their job by the deadline in order to overcome these challenges.
Research Article
Tanzil Irfan & Muhammad Asif Raheem
Page No. 09-19
Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a significant shift towards online teaching-learning practices, disrupting traditional methods at the university level. This review analyzes 35 studies using content analysis to understand the perceptions of students and teachers towards online learning during this time. The findings indicate that the shift to online learning has created both challenges and opportunities for students and teachers. For students, challenges included technical issues, lack of social interaction, and reduced motivation, while opportunities included flexibility, self-paced learning, and increased access to resources. For teachers, challenges included adapting to online platforms, providing effective feedback, and maintaining student engagement, while opportunities included innovation, creativity, and improved teaching skills. Factors that influenced perceptions of online teaching-learning included technology infrastructure and accessibility, student and teacher demographics and background, institutional policies and support, and sociocultural and environmental factors. The review recommends improving the quality of online teaching-learning experiences by providing adequate technological support and training for both students and teachers, promoting interaction and engagement, and providing effective feedback. This study has significant implications for the field of education, emphasizing the need for continuous adaptation and improvement to ensure equitable access to education for all students. This review provides valuable insight into the perceptions of students and teachers towards online teaching-learning during COVID-19. However, limitations and challenges of the study include the limited number of studies analyzed and the heterogeneity of the findings. Future research should focus on the long-term impact of online teaching-learning on student and teacher performance, engagement, and satisfaction, as well as the implications for policy and practice. Overall, the review underscores the importance of considering the various factors that affect the perceptions of online teaching-learning and the need for continuous adaptation and improvement to ensure equitable access to education for all students.
Research Article
Khairol, I., Fadzlirahimi, I., Nordin, M.A., Muhammad Akmal, M.S. & Nor Hadijah. A.
Page No. 20-28
Abstract: The study was started to assess the early performance of rambutan yield characteristics planted on marginal sandy tin-tailing soil. The experiment was carried out for one year in a plot of 4-year-old rambutan cultivar at MARDI Kundang, Rawang, Selangor, Malaysia. Varieties of Mutiara Merah were used. Data from the plants as a measurement of yield characteristics was recorded. Mutiara Merah proved that it can be well-yield and cultivated on sandy tin-tailing soil. Mutiara Merah showed that it can be planted and farmed effectively on sandy tin-tailing soil, according to the results of the previous research. It can grow and be useful in boosting rambutan yield. Taking into account the fruit yield parameters as well as yield character components parameters such as fruit weight, seed weight, fruit diameter, flesh thickness, brix, and flesh weight, it can be concluded that rambutan cultivation in marginal tin-tailing soil was found promising for producing higher yields. More field studies are needed to standardize agro-techniques and establish the fertilizer requirements of chemical and organic fertilizers for higher yield in other marginal soils such as peat, bris, and acid sulphate soil, as well as create various value-added products to utilize excess produce.
Case Study
Case Study Teaching Method and Examples of Implementing Environmental and Law
Nguyen Anh Thu, PhD, Nguyen Trong Diep, PhD, Dinh Tran Ngoc Huy, MBA & Pham Hung Nhan, Master
Page No. 29-34
Abstract: Environmental protection activities mean activities to prevent and limit adverse impacts on the environment; responding to environmental incidents; overcome pollution, environmental degradation, improve environmental quality; rational use of natural resources, biodiversity and response to climate change. The Law on Environmental Protection has promoted the role of people, businesses and the whole political system in participating in environmental protection activities. This paper also present a case of Vedan and Thi vai river pollutions, via which authorities resolutely organize the implementation of measures to handle violations of the law on environmental protection for Vedan Company.
Research Article
Enhanced Technique for Credit Card Extortion Detection Using Extreme Gradient Boosting Algorithm
P. Sujitha & R. Vanitha
Page No. 35-45
Abstract: The most common issue in the modern world is the identification of credit card fraud. This is a result of the expansion of both online commerce platforms and online transactions. In utmost cases, credit card fraud occurs when the card is stolen and used for any unauthorised exertion, or indeed when the fraudster utilises the card's information for their own gain. The credit card scam detection system was introduced with machine learning algorithms to catch these actions. Financial fraud is a growing problem in the financial industry with long-term consequences. It becomes difficult for two main reasons: first, the profiles of legitimate and fraudulent behaviour are always changing, and second, the data sets for credit card fraud are quite biased. The main objectives of this study are to identify the various types of fraudulent credit cards and to investigate alternate fraud detection techniques. On severely skewed credit card fraud data, it evaluates the performance of Decision tree, Random Forest, Logistic Regression and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XG Boost).
Research Article
More Discussion on Land Law and Regulations for Industrial Zones Land
Nguyen Trong Diep, PhD & Nguyen Anh Thu, PhD
Page No. 46-50
Abstract: The study purpose is to present More Discussion on Land Law and Regulations for Using Industrial Zones Land. Land in industrial zones or land in industrial zones belonging to non-agricultural production and business land. This is land to build industrial clusters, industrial parks, export processing zones and other concentrated production and business zones with the same land use regime. The process of organizing the implementation of the 2013 Land Law has revealed shortcomings and limitations which is not suitable with the socialist-oriented market economy institution and the development requirements of the country.
Research Article
P. Divya & P. Yamini
Page No. 51-63
Abstract: The most common cancer-related cause of death globally is lung cancer. The key to effective lung cancer treatment and higher survival rates is early diagnosis. Converting a radiologist's diagnosing procedure to computer assisted results in more accurate results and an earlier diagnosis. The difficulty is that building an effective model for segmentation and classification. In this paper, we suggest a system for detecting lung cancer that makes use of a number of methods for precise and effective diagnosis. To enhance picture quality, our method pre-processes CT scan images using a Gaussian filter and contrast stretching. For the purpose of determining the borders of lung nodules with high precision, the U-Net architecture with the Adam optimizer is used. Then, a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) with EM optimisation and pixel padding is used to extract features. The rotational-based Convolutional Neural Network (RBCNN) classifier successfully categorises the nodules as benign and malignant using these form variables as inputs.
Research Article
Prediction of Road Accidents Using Machine Learning Algorithms
R. Vanitha & M. Swedha
Page No. 64-75
Abstract: Today, one of the top concerns for governments is road safety. There are many safety features built into cars, yet traffic accidents still happen frequently and are unavoidable. To lessen the harm caused by traffic accidents, predicting their causes has become the primary goal. In this situation, it will be beneficial to examine the frequency of accidents so that we can use this information to further aid us in developing strategies to lessen them. From this, we can deduce the connections between traffic accidents, road conditions, and the impact of environmental factors on accident occurrence. In order to construct an accident prediction model, I used machine learning techniques, including the Decision Tree, Random Forest, and Logistic Regression. The development of safety measures and accident prediction will both benefit from these classification systems. Several elements, including weather, vehicle condition, road surface condition, and light condition, can be used to predict road accidents. Three dataset files—accidents, casualties, and vehicles are loaded into this dataset. This allows us to forecast the severity of accidents.
Research Article
Physicochemical and Phytochemical Evaluation of Siddha formulation Saaranai chooranam
Dr.S.Sivalathajini, Dr.A.Manoharan & Dr.S.Umakalyani
Page No. 76-84
Abstract: Background: Siddha system of medicine depends largely on herbal for the treatment of diseases which was practiced at village levels and now becomes an important medicine in worldwide, According to the Akasthiyar -2000-Part– III textbook, Saaranai Chooranam is a herbal drug that is indicated for Raththa kothippu (Systemic Hypertension) Saaranai is the Tamil name for Trianthema portulacastrum, which belongs to the family Aizoaceae. Aim & Objective: This study primarily aims to evaluate the Physicochemical and Phytochemical evaluation of Saaranai Chooranam, Preliminary Phytochemical analysis such as High Performed Thin Layered Chromatography and Powder Microscopy of Saaranai Chooranam. Methodology: The Physicochemical analysis of Saaranai Chooranam is carried out using standard procedures. Results: Preliminary Phytochemical screening found, the presence of phytochemicals such as Proteins, Terpenoids, Alkaloids, Carbohydrates, and Tannins. High-performance thin-layer chromatography fingerprinting revealed the presence of many phytochemicals with different Rf values and densitometric scans of the plates showed numerous bands and peaks. The Powder Microscopy reveals the presence ofTracheidal fibre, Vessel with bordered pits, Calcium oxalate crystal, Stone cell, Group of sclereids with brownish content, Paracytic stomata and surrounding subsidiary cells, Rosette Calcium oxalate crystal, Sclereid with narrow lumen, Thick walled cells, Tracheidal fibre and Trichome. Physicochemical analysis revealed the values of total ash (17.86%), acid-insoluble ash (1.34%), water-soluble ash (13.62), sulphated ash (25.72%), pH (6.05 in 4% alcohol solution), volatile oil (0.5%), foaming index (111.11%) and swelling index (4ml). Conclusion: This study is an effort to explore the different Physico and Phytochemical compounds of Saaranai Chooranam effective in the management of Raththa kothippu (Systemic hypertension).
Research Article
A Thermoelectric Refrigerator Using Arduino
K.K. Shandhosh Shree, R. Jaysrani, S. Keerthika, S. Swetha & M. Vijayalakshmi
Page No. 85-90
Abstract: Refrigerator and air conditioners are the most energy consuming home appliances and for this reason many researchers had performed work to enhance performance of the refrigeration systems. Most of the research work done so far deals with an objective of low energy consumption and refrigeration effect enhancement. Thermoelectric refrigeration is one of the techniques used for producing refrigeration effect. Thermoelectric devices are developed based on Peltier and Seeback effect which has experienced a major advances and developments in recent years. The coefficient of performance of the thermoelectric refrigeration is less when it is used alone, hence thermoelectric refrigeration is often used with other methods of refrigeration. This paper presents a review of some work been done on the thermoelectric refrigeration over the years. Some of the research and development work carried out by different researchers on TER system has been thoroughly reviewed in this paper. The study envelopes the various applications of TER system and development of devices. This paper summarizes the advancement in thermoelectric refrigeration, thermoelectric materials, design methodologies, application in domestic appliances and performance enhancement techniques based on the literature.
Research Article
Does Specific Gravity of Urine Affects Cloth's Color Choice?
Muhammad Daniyal, Muhammad Imran Qadir & Muhammad Ejaz
Page No. 91-94
Abstract: Clothing color choice matters a lot as it defines a person’s psychology. The objective of the present examination was according to estimation for the specific gravity of urine. Outright 100 subjects took an intrigue. The measurement of solutes in the urine is said to be its urine specific gravity. In this we came to know the density of the urine. The density of water is considered to be about 1.000 and in this process we measure the density of urine and compare it with the density of the water. The normal density of urine is thought to be about 1.002 or 1.030. In the world, there are many traditions of clothing everywhere. Clothing express the culture of the area. Each society has its own clothing tradition and style. These traditions differ from area to area. This survey is completed by the t-test in the MS excel to get the desire outcomes. Linkage between ordinary specific gravity of urine (Mean±SD) with dim shading is given in graph 1. This examination contains 100 subjects in which 0 folks and 100 females were taken an intrigue. Student’s –t-test had associated, apparently it is related with the specific gravity of urine. It is non-significant as there is no significant relation found between the cloth’s color choice and specific gravity of urine.
Research Article
Shailong, C.N., Oforghor, A.O. & Olua, E.B.
Page No. 95-104
Abstract: Comparative Analysis of Organic Soap Produced from Garlic Juice-Benni-Seed Stalk Ash Extract and Coconut Oil and some Selected Commercial Soaps. The method used involved Collection of Benni-seed stalk and preparation of Alkali, Collection and Extraction of Coconut Oil, Collection of Garlic Bulb and Preparation of the Garlic Juice- based Alkaline. The produced soap was characterized based on physical characteristics (Soap Types, Colour, Texture, Aroma and Cleaning efficiency), pH of the soap samples, Foaming Stability, water hardness Test and Wash Fastness Properties Test. The result of the study shows that variation occurred among soap types as a result of addition of colouring matter such as dyes and degree of unsaturation of fatty acids. The pH of all the soaps falls within the range pH of (7-8) improving soaps quality but to regulate the pH level which will not contribute to the harshness of hands and skin. In terms of foaming stability, result obtained from GBC Soap was the best due to its solubility in water. Analysis of Soap hardness in soft water and hard water shows that Bright Soap had the highest value (8.5) in soft water which made it the best among other soap products. Premier Soap had the best ability to maintain the quality of fabric material when washed in water.
Research Article
U. Ochoma
Page No. 105-117
Abstract: Seismic attributes for enhanced structural and stratigraphic interpretation of Fuba Field, Onshore Niger Delta, Nigeria using Well-log and 3D Seismic data are here presented. Well-to-Seismic ties, faults and horizon mapping, time-surface generation, depth conversion and seismic attributes generation were carried out using Petrel software. The structural interpretation of seismic data reveal highly synthetic and antithetic faults which are in line with faults trends identified in the Niger Delta. Of the 29 interpreted faults, only synthetic and antithetic faults are regional, running from the top to bottom across the field. These faults play significant roles in trap formation at the upper, middle and lower sections of the field. Two distinct horizons were mapped. Fault and horizon interpretation reveal closures which are collapsed crestal structures bounded by these two major faults. The depth structure maps reveal anticlinal faults. Reservoirs are found at a shallower depth from 6500 to 7500ft and at a deeper depth ranging from 11500 to 13000ft. The synthetic and antithetic faults act as good traps for the hydrocarbon accumulation in the study area. The variance and chaos values range from 0.0 to 1.0. The dip magnitude and azimuth values range from 0 to 90 degrees and 0 to 360 degrees. The variance edge, chaos, dip magnitude and azimuth analysis were used to delineate the prominent and subtle faults in the area. The results of spectral decomposition at a frequency of 12-35Hz indicates areas of low frequency and high amplitude associated with known hydrocarbon zones, the presence of channels, lobes and small scale faults in the field. The result of the seismic attribute analysis has shown that the Fuba field has good hydrocarbon prospects.
Case Study
U. Ochoma
Page No. 118-130
Abstract: Seismic attributes analysis as a precursor for hydrocarbon indication in onshore Fuba Field, Niger Delta, Nigeria using Well-logs and 3D Seismic data are here presented. Well-to-seismic ties, faults and horizon mapping, time-surface generation, depth conversion and seismic attributes generation were carried out using Petrel software. The structural interpretation of seismic data reveal highly synthetic and antithetic faults which are in line with faults trends identified in the Niger Delta. Of the 36 interpreted faults, only synthetic and antithetic faults are regional, running from the top to bottom across the field. These faults play significant roles in trap formation at the upper, middle and lower sections of the field. Three distinct horizons were mapped. Reservoir M is found at a shallower depth from 10937 to 10997 ft, reservoir N is found at a depth ranging from 11213 to 11241 ft while reservoir O is found at a deeper depth ranging from 11681 to 11871 ft respectively. Analysis of the relevant seismic attributes such as variance edge, root mean square, maximum amplitude and relative acoustic impedance were applied to the seismic data. The variance values ranges from 0.0 to 1.0. The Variance edge analysis was used to delineate the prominent and subtle faults in the area. The RMS amplitude values ranges from 9,000 to 13,000 in the reservoirs. The root mean square amplitude and maximum amplitude analysis reveal bright spot anomaly. These amplitude anomalies served as direct hydrocarbon indicators (DHIs), unravelling the presence and possible hydrocarbon prospective zones. The relative acoustic impedance analysis was used for delineating lithology variation in the seismic sections. Results from this study have shown that away from the currently producing zone of the field, additional leads and prospects exist, which could be further evaluated for hydrocarbon production.
Research Article
Amit Halder, Most. Rowshan Ara Khandaker, Antora Scholastica Gomes, Md. Riyad Tanshen & Md. Anas Rahman
Page No. 131-143
Abstract: This paper describes a unique study that uses multiple FIR adaptive filter algorithms to denoise adult electrocardiogram (ECG) data. The study looks at how power line interference, external electromagnetic fields, random body motions, and breathing impact ECG measurement accuracy. The article takes a fresh look at Savitzky-Golay filtering techniques by implementing and evaluating them inside the FIR adaptive filter architecture. Matlab is used to evaluate the performance of the Affine projection FIR adaptive filter (AP), Direct-form Normalized least-mean-square FIR adaptive filter (NLMS), and Sliding-window Recursive least-squares FIR adaptive filter (SWRLS). The results show how different strategies compare in terms of performance and their influence on recorded waveform quality. The study extends to our understanding of the efficiency of FIR adaptive filter algorithms in decreasing ECG signal noise and helps us better understand their potential uses in ECG signal processing. Based on reliable ECG data, the research findings assist the development of new approaches for diagnosing aberrant cardiac rhythms and examining the origins of chest discomfort. The originality of this work comes in its thorough assessment, comparison, and unique use of Savitzky-Golay filtering techniques inside FIR adaptive filter algorithms, which contributes to the area of ECG signal denoising. According to a comparative investigation, the SWRLS FIR adaptive filter method improves ECG signal denoising by 91.53% noise reduction.
Research Article
Development and Characterization of Non-Aqueous based Self Emulsifying Nano Emulsion of Curcumin
Shivam Tayal, Akash Sharma & Abhay Kumar
Page No. 144-152
Abstract: This research presented a novel as well as an easy method for a non-aqueous based self- emulsifying nanoemulsion of hydrophobic drug. In this Non Aqueous based self nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) of curcumin was prepared, and in vitro Analysis was done. Oleic acid serves as the oil phase in Curcumin SENE formulations, which also contain Tween 20. PEG 400 as co-surfactants was selected. The preliminary confirmation was done by FTIR spectra and 1603.80cm-1 [C=C], 3420.87 cm-1 [polymeric OH stretching], 1377.22 cm-1 [C=O stretching] was observed. The preformulation study was also done with excellent flow property. Melting point of curcumin was shown at the range of 180-183°C. The λ max of Curcumin was found to be at 424 nm in methanol. Highest solubility of curcumin was found in oleic acid. The primarily confirmation of nano emulsion was done by conductivity test, fluorescence test and Viscosity. Characterization of formulation was done by FT-IR, Droplet size, viscosity, drug content, % Transmittance and robustness study. The spectrum FT-IR of pure drug and self emulsifying nanoemulsion (SENE) was showing the changes.
Research Article
Occurrence of Some Mosquito Species in Tha-Ma-Nya Village, Hpa-an Township, Kayin State in Myanmar
Maung Maung Mya, Nyunt Nyunt Oo & Yin Moe Thein
Page No. 153-164
Abstract: Among the numerous species of blood-sucking insects, mosquitoes stand out as most offensive to man and other warm-blooded animals. Mosquitoes were collected by indoor and outdoor CDC light traps in randomly selected household and larvae were collected in and around 3 Kilo meter radius from the study site. A total of 14 species, five genera under family Culicidae were recorded in Tha-ma-nya village. Recorded species included two species under genus Aedes, three species under genus Culex one species under the genus Armigeres, one species under the genus Toxorhynchities and 7 species under genus Anopheles. Species inentification was done according to different morphological keys. Altogether seven out of 14 recorded mosquito species were medically important vector species. Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus were primary and secondary vectors of dengue fever. Culex quinquefasciatus is a microfilariasis vector. The important vectors of Japanese encephalitis are Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Culex gelidus. High density of malaria vector Anopheles dirus was collected in outdoor light trap than An. minimus, although An. minimus was collected high density by indoor CDC light traps. Virus of Japanese encephalitis could transmit from rearing pig and ducks to persons living in the study area. Indoor clear water containers serve as the favorable places for living Aedes spp. Outdoor water storage concrete tanks provided stagnant water to breed Culex and Anopheles species. Water pools, rock pools and rice fields water were found high preferences for breeding of malaria vectors An. dirus and An. minimus larvae and An. dirus larvae was also collected from concrete tanks. Microfilariasis vector Cx. quinquefqsciatus and JE vector Cx. tritaeniorhynchus larvae were collected from polluted water pools and Dengue vector larvae as Aedes larvae were collected from metal drums, bago jars and concrete tanks. Status of the mosquito species composition in the Tha-ma-nya village provided database not only for further researches but also for giving good knowledge and practice in health workers for effective control of vector borne diseases.
Research Article
Fake News Detection on Social Media Using Regional Convolutional Neural Network Algorithm
P. Swetha & Mrs. E. Priyanka
Page No. 165-171
Abstract: As social media and content-sharing platforms have evolved; misinformation and fake news have spread like wildfire, leading people to believe harmful misinformation. In this way, they can influence public opinion, spread fear, and drive people insane. Fake news identification is a current area of research aimed at determining whether content is genuine. In addition, this has significantly increased the daily amount of information on the Internet. Information can go viral in a matter of seconds thanks to social media, which has changed the way we share and process news. Everyone now relies on many online news sources because the internet is so widely used. News quickly disseminated across millions of users in a very short period of time along with the increase in the use of social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, etc. The spread of fake news has far-reaching effects, including the formation of skewed beliefs and the manipulation of election results in favour of particular politicians. Moreover, spammers utilise alluring news headlines as click-bait for their adverts in order to make money. To provide more accurate predictions, RCNN models are trained to identify language-driven features according to content properties. This model addresses this using an efficient feature selection method.
Research Article
Robert James J., Nwamadi Cornelius I. & Igbo Nkechinyere
Page No. 172-179
Abstract: This study focused on atmospheric properties and their observable correlations with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Six gas stations and the nearest residential buildings within Port Harcourt City were selected for the study. At each of the gas stations and the nearest buildings, a well calibrated handheld IGERESS VOCs detector was positioned 1.5m above the ground and in the direction of the wind to determine the levels of VOCs concentration. Atmospheric Properties (temperature and relative humidity) of the selected gas stations and the nearest buildings were determined accordingly. These were done in the morning and evening hours for a period of two weeks. The study's findings revealed gas stations emit VOCs and that the VOCs emission concentrations in the morning and evening sessions were within safe limits. But the measured mean VOCs concentration at the gas station (0.343ppm) is above the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) maximum allowable air concentration Standard of 0.20 ppm. The recorded mean value of the VOCs concentration at the gas stations (0.343ppm) shows that the average exposure limit from the gas stations for the period under study is in agreement with the permissible limits of between 0.3 ppm to 0.5ppm established by World Health Organization (WHO) and the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) respectively. The calculated correlation values between VOCs concentration and temperature at the gas stations and nearest buildings are 0.0020 (weak positive correlation) and -0.0111 (negative correlation) respectively. Similarly, VOCs concentration showed a negative correlation with the relative humidity at the gas stations and the nearest residential buildings. The calculated correlation values are -0.1952 and -0.7257, respectively. These results are in agreement with some studies. A number of studies have shown that VOCs emissions are positively correlated with temperature, but that of relative humidity has no uniform conclusions. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) pose numerous health challenges and serious environmental concerns such as poor air quality and shift in climate. Siting of gas stations far away from residential areas and the use of fuel recovery pumps are essential for the reduction of the impacts of VOCs on humans and the environment.
