Minimum Health Protocols can take the form of social distancing, wearing of face mask and applying proper hygiene to avoid infections and diseases. This study explored the challenges encountered by the jail officers in Misamis Occidental Provincial Reformatory Jail in Capitol Drive, Oroquieta City, Misamis Occidental. The study were participated by 10 jail officers. interview and guide questions were used in gathering the data. The study used the qualitative approach using the phenomenological design. Moustakas’ transcendental phenomenology was used in analysis the data to come up with seven meaningful theme; Suspension of visiting privilege, Strenuous implementation of health protocol, Immediate Isolation for COVID-19 Infected, High risk of Covid-19 infection, Affected Duties due to COVID-19 Infection and Quarantines, Acceptance of Being Carriers of COVID-19 Virus, and Adhering to health protocol. Encountering minimum health protocols has its various effects depending on the illnesses they experience such as the Covid-19 virus it has the huge impact to everyone.

Keywords: Challenges, Covid-19, Encounter, Jail officer, Health protocols.

Adeoti, M. O., Shamsudin, F. M., & Wan, C. Y. (2017). Effects of occupational stress and workplace spirituality on workplace deviance in academia: A conceptual paper. Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 5(9), 100-106.

Auro, G. D., Cornejo, M. C., Cueto, Q. K., Davila, P. C., Santos, C. S. D. L., Cruz, P. J. D., Galang, N. L., Laderas, D. M., & Ramirez, T. A. (2021, March 22). [New School] A public health issue behind bars. Rappler. https://www.rappler.com/voices/new-school/new-school-public-health-issue-behind-bars.

Azkur, A.K., Akdis, M., Azkur, D., Sokolowska, M., van de Veen, Brüggen, & Akdis, (2020). Immune response to SARS‐CoV‐2 and mechanisms of immunopathological changes in COVID‐19. Allergy, 75(7), 1564-1581.

Bae, S. Y., & Chang, P. J. (2021). The effect of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) risk perception on behavioural intention towards ‘untact’tourism in South Korea during the first wave of the pandemic (March 2020). Current Issues in Tourism, 24(7), 1017-1035. San Lau, L., Samari, G., Moresky, R. T., Casey, S. E., Kachur, S. P., Roberts, L. F., & Zard, M. (2020). COVID-19 in humanitarian settings and lessons learned from past epidemics. Nature Medicine, 26(5), 647-648.

Blake, H., Gupta, A., Javed, M., Wood, B., Knowles, S., Coyne, E., & Cooper, J. (2021). COVID-well study: Qualitative evaluation of supported wellbeing centres and psychological first aid for healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(7), 3626.

Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The lancet, 395(10227), 912-920.

Buan, L. (2021, August 28). Plea deals, pandemic decongest jails but “still way beyond accepted standards” – COA. Rappler. https://www.rappler.com/nation/coa-report-plea-deals-pandemic-decongest-jails-but-still-way-beyond-accepted-standards?fbclid=IwAR1vJSlu4ElTJZRh3RKboYtqLKxy8jnLi_34Z4fYGEcTkE3SjIdxgPo0ifY.

Burke, R. M., Midgley, C. M., Dratch, A., Fenstersheib, M., Haupt, T., Holshue, M., & Rolfes, M. A. (2020). Active monitoring of persons exposed to patients with confirmed COVID-19-United States, January–February 2020. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 69(9), 245.

Burton, A., McKinlay, A., Dawes, J., Roberts, A., Fynn, W., May, T., & Fancourt, D. (2021). Understanding barriers and facilitators to compliance with UK social distancing guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative interview study.

Cahapay, M. (2020). National Responses for Persons Deprived of Liberty during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Philippines. Taylor & Francis. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15564886.2020.1823920.

Caliwan, C. L. (2021, March 19). Over 90% of PDLs in BJMP facilities beat Covid-19. PhilippineNewAgency. https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1134200?fbclid=IwAR3zhUKaMAPCIoCqACx-6ErD6cIup8lr7cZcg3oow_9f3V9WEkGB3nL-eDw.

Cardeli, E., Sideridis, G., Lincoln, A. K., Abdi, S. M., & Ellis, B. H. (2020). Social bonds in the diaspora: The application of social control theory to somali refugee young adults in resettlement. Psychology of Violence, 10(1), 18.

Charles, P., Muentner, L., Jensen, S., Packard, C., Haimson, C., Eason, J., & Poehlmann-Tynan, J. (2021). Incarcerated During a Pandemic: Implications of COVID-19 for Jailed Individuals and Their Families. Corrections, 1-12.

Cheng, Z. J., Zhan, Z., Xue, M., Zheng, P., Lyu, J., Ma, J., & Sun, B. (2021). Public health measures and the control of COVID-19 in China. Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology, 1-16.

Christian, A. C. S. (2021). Public Obedience to Health Protocols during Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia: A Perspective from Health Belief Model Theory. Soshum: Jurnal Sosial dan Humaniora, 11(2), 201-210.

Clarke R. Jones & Raymund E. Narag (2021). Reducing the dangers of COVID-19 through shared governance in a Philippine jail, Current Issues in Criminal Justice, 33:1, 120-125, DOI: 10.1080/10345329.2021.1875566.

CNN Philippines Staff. (2020). Inmates are safer in our jails amid pandemic - BJMP.

Costello, B. J., & Laub, J. H. (2020). Social control theory: The legacy of Travis Hirschi's causes of delinquency. Annual Review of Criminology, 3, 21-41.

Craig, K. D., Holmes, C., Hudspith, M., Moor, G., Moosa-Mitha, M., Varcoe, C., & Wallace, B. (2020). Pain in persons who are marginalized by social conditions. Pain, 161(2), 261.

Da Silva, A. G., Miranda, D. M., Diaz, A. P., Teles, A. L. S., Malloy-Diniz, L. F., & Palha, A. P. (2020). Mental health: why it still matters in the midst of a pandemic. Brazilian journal of psychiatry, 42, 229-231.

Dallaire, D. H., Shlafer, R. J., Goshin, L. S., Hollihan, A., Poehlmann-Tynan, J., Eddy, J. M., & Adalist-Estrin, A. (2021). COVID-19 and prison policies related to communication with family members. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law.

De Castro, L., Lopez, A. A., Hamoy, G., Alba, K. C., & Gundayao, J. C. (2020). A fair allocation approach to the ethics of scarce resources in the context of a pandemic: The need to prioritize the worst‐off in the Philippines. Developing World Bioethics.

El-Gilany, A. H. (2021). COVID-19: The enigma of asymptomatic carriers and silent transmission. Int. J. Heal. & Allied Sci, 10(1), 11-11.Health, N. (2020).

Feiz Arefi, M., Babaei-Pouya, A., & Poursadeqiyan, M. (2020). The health effects of quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic. Work, 67(3), 523-527.

Fuchs, C. (2021). Everyday life and everyday communication in coronavirus capitalism. In Communicating COVID-19. Emerald Publishing Limited.

Gao, W., Lv, J., Pang, Y., & Li, L. M. (2021). Role of asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic infections in covid-19 pandemic. bmj, 375.

Goodarzi, A., Heidarnia, A., Tavafian, S. S., & Eslami, M. (2019). Predicting oral health behaviors among Iranian students by using health belief model. Journal of education and health promotion, 8.

Grassly, N. C., Pons-Salort, M., Parker, E. P., White, P. J., Ferguson, N. M., Ainslie, K., & Xi, X. (2020). Comparison of molecular testing strategies for COVID-19 control: a mathematical modelling study. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 20(12), 1381-1389.

Green, E. C., Murphy, E. M., & Gryboski, K. (2020). The health belief model. The Wiley Encyclopedia of Health Psychology, 211-214.

Haley, D., Paucar-Caceres, A., & Schlindwein, S. (2021). A Critical Inquiry into the Value of Systems Thinking in the Time of COVID-19 Crisis. Systems, 9(1), 13.

Hanan, E. (2021). Incarcerated Activism During COVID-19. Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law, Forthcoming.

Hawks, L., Woolhandler, S., & McCormick, D. (2020). COVID-19 in prisons and jails in the United States. JAMA Internal Medicine, 180(8), 1041-1042.

Hummer, D. (2020). United States Bureau of Prisons’ response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Victims & Offenders, 15(7-8), 1262-1276.

Huremović, D. (2019). Social distancing, quarantine, and isolation. In Psychiatry of pandemics (pp. 85-94). Springer, Cham.

International Committee of the Red Cross. (2020). Https://Www.Icrc.Org/En/Document/Halting-Spread- Covid-19-Congested-Detention-Facilities-0.https://www.icrc.org/en/document/halting-spread-covid-19-congested-detention-facilities-0.

Islam, M., Ferdous, M., Islam, U. S., Mosaddek, A. S. M., Potenza, M. N., & Pardhan, S. (2021). Treatment, persistent symptoms, and depression in people infected with COVID-19 in Bangladesh. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(4), 1453. Shahid, Z., Kalayanamitra, R., McClafferty, B., Kepko, D., Ramgobin, D., Patel, R., Aggarwal, C. S., Vunnam, R., Sahu, N., Bhatt, D., Jones, K., Golamari, R., & Jain, R. (2020, May). Covid-19 and older adults: What we know. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7262251/.

Kreager, D. A., & Kruttschnitt, C. (2018). Inmate society in the era of mass incarceration. Annual Review of Criminology, 1, 261-283.

Kumar, A., & Nayar, K. R. (2021). COVID 19 and its mental health consequences.

Kuzior, A. Introduction to epistemology and philosophy of mind.

Liu, J., & Liu, S. (2020). The management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Journal of medical virology, 92(9), 1484-1490.

Lu, H., Nie, P., & Qian, L. (2021). Do quarantine experiences and attitudes towards COVID-19 affect the distribution of mental health in China? A quantile regression analysis. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 16(5), 1925-1942.

Marahatta, S. B., Paudel, S., & Aryal, N. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic: what can Nepal do to curb the potential public health disaster?. Journal of Karnali Academy of Health Sciences, 3(1).

Moustakas, C. (1994). Phenomenological research methods. Sage publications.

Mustafa, N. (2020). Impact of the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic on education. International Journal of Health Preferences Research, 4(1), 25-30.

Nario-Lopez, H. G. (2021). Diskarte Lang.

Nishi, A., Dewey, G., Endo, A., Neman, S., Iwamoto, S. K., Ni, M. Y., & Young, S. D. (2020). Network interventions for managing the COVID-19 pandemic and sustaining economy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(48), 30285-30294.

Novisky, M. A., Narvey, C. S., & Semenza, D. C. (2020). Institutional responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in American prisons. Victims & Offenders, 15(7-8), 1244-1261.

Oh, J., Lee, J. K., Schwarz, D., Ratcliffe, H. L., Markuns, J. F., & Hirschhorn, L. R. (2020). National response to COVID-19 in the Republic of Korea and lessons learned for other countries. Health Systems & Reform, 6(1), e1753464.

PATLUNAG, J. M. S. (2020). Services of the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP): An Assessment. SMCC Higher Education Research Journal (Criminal Justice), 3(1), 1-1.

Ponsioen, J. A. (2019). The analysis of social change reconsidered. In The analysis of social change reconsidered. De Gruyter Mouton.

Pranita, M., Marpaung, S. Y., Lubis, R. D. A., & Ardana, N. (2021). Monitoring and Evaluation Following Health Protocol. International Archives of Medical Sciences and Public Health, 2(2), 213-223.

Prasetyawati, N. D., Sudaryanto, S., & Usmaningrum, D. F. (2022). Level of discipline adhering to health protocols and vaccination willingness as part of covid 19 control efforts in Indonesia. International Journal of Social Science, 1(5), 723-732.

Ramanathan, K., Antognini, D., Combes, A., Paden, M., Zakhary, B., Ogino, M., & Shekar, K. (2020). Planning and provision of ECMO services for severe ARDS during the COVID-19 pandemic and other outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 8(5), 518-526.

Ramaswamy, M., & Freudenberg, N. (2022). Health promotion in jails and prisons: an alternative paradigm for correctional health services. In Public health behind bars (pp. 219-238). Springer, New York, NY.

Reinhart, E., & Chen, D. L. (2020). Incarceration And Its Disseminations: COVID-19 Pandemic Lessons From Chicago’s Cook County Jail: Study examines how arrest and pre-trial detention practices may be contributing to the spread of COVID-19. Health Affairs, 39(8), 1412-1418.

Ricci, F., Izzicupo, P., Moscucci, F., Sciomer, S., Maffei, S., Di Baldassarre, A., & Gallina, S. (2020). Recommendations for physical inactivity and sedentary behavior during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Frontiers in public health, 8, 199.

Rollins, L., Sy, A., Crowell, N., Rivers, D., Miller, A., Cooper, P., & Ofili, E. (2018). Learning and action in community health: Using the health belief model to assess and educate African American Community residents about participation in clinical research. International J. of environmental research and public health, 15(9), 1862.

Sauers‐Ford, H. S., Hamline, M. Y., Gosdin, M. M., Kair, L. R., Weinberg, G. M., Marcin, J. P., & Rosenthal, J. L. (2019). Acceptability, usability, and effectiveness: a qualitative study evaluating a pediatric telemedicine program. Academic Emergency Medicine, 26(9), 1022-1033.

Shen, J., Kong, M., Dong, B., Birnkrant, M. J., & Zhang, J. (2021). A systematic approach to estimating the effectiveness of multi-scale IAQ strategies for reducing the risk of airborne infection of SARS-CoV-2. Building and environment, 200, 107926.

Simpson, P. L., & Butler, T. G. (2020). Covid-19, prison crowding, and release policies. Bmj, 369.

Singh, M. J., Verma, D., Banerjee, T. B., Singh, A., & Bhatt, K. (2021, May). Overcoming challenges in implementing measures across multiple centers of a chain of hospitals to combat covid-19 pandemic. Indian journal of ophthalmology. Retrieved April 28, 2022.

SoleimanvandiAzar, N., Irandoost, S. F., Ahmadi, S., Xosravi, T., Ranjbar, H., Mansourian, M., & Yoosefi Lebni, J. (2021). Explaining the reasons for not maintaining the health guidelines to prevent COVID-19 in high-risk jobs: a qualitative study in Iran. BMC public health, 21(1), 1-15.

Statutes, codes, and regulations. Legal research tools from Casetext. (2022, April 19). 

Urell, A. (2021, April 16). Covid-19’s Impact on People in Prison. Equal Justice Initiative. https://eji.org/ news/covid-19s-impact-on-people-in-prison/.

Vicente, J. B. (2019). Appraisal of the intervention programs for high profile inmates in the philippines. International Journal of Advanced Research in Management and Social Sciences, 8(10), 136-205.

Wahyuni, H., Purnomo, E. P., & Fathani, A. T. (2021). Social media supports tourism development in the COVID-19 normal era in Bandung. Jurnal Studi Komunikasi, 5(3), 600-616.

Wallace, W., Hill, B., & Rosales, A. (2020). Remanded in Custody and Punished Without Trial: The Criminal Justice System and Remand Populations in Trinidad and Tobago. Justice Policy Journal, 17(1), 1-28.

Wiatrowski, M. D. (1978). Social control theory and delinquency. Portland State University.

Wilder-Smith, A., & Freedman, D. O. (2020). Isolation, quarantine, social distancing and community containment: pivotal role for old-style public health measures in the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak. Journal of travel medicine.

Wu, Z., Harrich, D., Li, Z., Hu, D., & Li, D. (2021). The unique features of SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission: Comparison with SARS‐CoV, MERS‐CoV and 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza virus. Reviews in medical virology, 31(2), e2171.

Zhai, Z. (2020). Facial mask: A necessity to beat COVID-19. Building and environment, 175, 106827-106827.