Middle East Journal of Applied Science & Technology
Volume 8 Issue 2 April-June 2025
Review Article
The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Technology
Seema Rani, Sajad Ahmad Malik & Saytam kumar
Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming the landscape of medical technology by offering innovative solutions for diagnostics, treatment, patient care, and administrative tasks. This paper explores the multifaceted roles of AI in healthcare, its current applications, benefits, limitations, and future directions. We provide an overview of machine learning, natural language processing, computer vision, and robotics as they relate to medical technology, emphasizing real-world implementations and their impact on clinical outcomes. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is changing the face of modern healthcare. Rather than being just a futuristic idea, AI is already playing a practical role in hospitals and clinics around the world. From helping doctors diagnose diseases more accurately and quickly, to assisting in surgeries and monitoring patients' health in real-time, AI is becoming an essential part of medical technology. This paper looks at how different types of AI—like machine learning, natural language processing, computer vision, and robotics—are being used in the medical field. It also explores the benefits of AI, such as improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare costs, while addressing key challenges like data privacy, bias, and the need for ethical oversight. Through real-world examples and current research, this paper offers a clear and accessible view of how AI is shaping the future of medicine. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in medical technology, redefining how healthcare is delivered, diagnoses are made, and treatments are managed. This paper explores the multifaceted applications of AI in medical technology, including diagnostic imaging, drug discovery, robotic surgery, remote monitoring, and clinical decision support systems. It also examines the core technologies underpinning AI such as machine learning, natural language processing, and computer vision. The research highlights real-world case studies, benefits, challenges, ethical implications, and future trends that are shaping the next era of healthcare. Through comprehensive analysis, this paper underscores the growing need for interdisciplinary collaboration, robust data governance, and regulatory frameworks to responsibly integrate AI into clinical practice.
Research Article
Methodology for Identifying Spiritual-Cultural Deformation Factors and Their Evaluation Criteria
Sayidova Mukhabbat Gaforovna
Abstract: This article discusses cultural and spiritual values, national mentality traits, and long-established traditions, which are considered essential identifiers of a nation's identity. It reveals the tendencies of deformation affecting these values in today's information-driven society. From a socio-philosophical perspective, the research examines the results obtained during the study, applying a mathematical method aimed at identifying interrelations between the stages of the issue's development. Moreover, a model was developed that illustrates the transition from specific to general aspects of the issue under consideration.
Research Article
Risma Uly Manalu
Abstract: The quality of educators in carrying out their roles is regulated by Minister of Education and Culture Regulation No. 16 of 2007 on Academic Qualification Standards and Teacher Competencies. This regulation establishes four core teacher competencies: pedagogical, personality, social, and professional competencies. This study aims to analyze the influence of teachers' professional competence on students' digital literacy skills at the junior high school level in Karawang Regency. Digital literacy refers to an individual's ability to effectively utilize digital technology, including accessing, understanding, evaluating, and communicating information through various devices and digital platforms. This study employs a qualitative method with data collection techniques including interviews, document analysis, and observations. The research was conducted at SMPN 1 Klari, East Karawang, selected due to its relevance to the study objectives. The findings indicate that teachers' professional competence plays a significant role in enhancing students' digital literacy. To address the challenges of 21st-century education, teachers are required not only to master subject matter comprehensively but also to effectively, ethically, and safely integrate digital technology into the learning process.
Research Article
Teachers' Technological Capability through Pedagogical Competence on Students' Digital Literacy
Melda Rumia Rosmery Simorangkir
Abstract: In this rapidly evolving era of disruption, the world is undergoing significant transformations that reshape how individuals communicate, collaborate, and access information. These changes present critical challenges for educators, particularly in embedding digital literacy within pedagogical frameworks. This study examines the influence of Information and Data Literacy and Pedagogical Competence on teachers’ Technological Capability, with Student Communication and Collaboration as a potential mediating variable. Employing a quantitative design with snowball sampling, data were collected via questionnaires and analyzed through path analysis. The findings reveal that Pedagogical Competence significantly enhances Technological Capability (β = 0.17), both directly and indirectly through improved student communication and collaboration (β = 0.14). In contrast, Information and Data Literacy demonstrates a minimal direct effect (β = 0.08) and even a slight negative indirect influence (β = -0.0028), highlighting gaps in translating digital access into effective classroom practice. Moreover, Student Communication and Collaboration does not act as a strong mediator, suggesting that fostering interaction skills alone is insufficient without pedagogical alignment. These insights underscore the urgent need for evidence-based professional development programs that focus not only on technical proficiency but also on pedagogical innovation. The study contributes valuable implications for educational policymakers, school leaders, and teacher training institutions in crafting strategic interventions to empower educators in navigating digital transformation effectively.
Review Article
The Role of the Industrial Internet of Things (IoT) in Modernizing Pharmaceutical Operations
Delaila Binti Mohd Raji, Fatina Madeeha Binti Azhar, Lim Ze Yu, Singh Saurav & Konstantin Koshechnik
Abstract: Cold-chain IoT sensors have been shown to cut vaccine spoilage by 30% in real-world trials. This review examines how these principles apply to predictive maintenance in tablet production, enabling faster drug discovery, more targeted disease treatment, and enhanced manufacturing efficiency. By automating temperature logs via Wi-Fi, each Pfizer site saved 5 labor hours daily. The integration of IoT and AI enhances real-time monitoring, supply chain management, and product quality, contributing to increased operational productivity and flexibility. However, challenges remain, including high installation costs, the need for specialized expertise and training, and strict regulatory requirements for quality, safety, and efficacy. Overcoming these barriers is essential for pharmaceutical companies to remain competitive, ensure patient safety, and achieve sustainable growth in a rapidly evolving healthcare landscape.
Research Article
Yee Yee Myint, Thuzar Nyein Mu, Sai Zaw Min Oo, Sein Thaung, Chit Thet Nwe, Yan Naung Maung Maung & Maung Maung Mya
Abstract: Aedes mosquitoes are primary vectors for dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever, yellow fever, chikungunya, and Zika virus. Temephos, a widely used larvicide in Myanmar, has been employed for dengue vector control for over a decade. Thus, it is important to assess the larvicide susceptibility status of Aedes mosquitoes, particularly Aedes aegypti, which is dominant in Yangon Region. Establishing dengue vector colonies in an insectary is crucial for larvicide susceptibility experiments and also for vector competence study. Aedes aegypti larval collection activities were conducted in five townships of Yangon Region (Insein, Shwe Pyi Thar, Dagon, North Dagon, and South Dagon) from September 2023 to August 2024 to establish a laboratory colony. The temephos larvicide susceptibility status of laboratory-reared F1 generations of third and fourth instar Aedes larvae was tested using laboratory doses of 0.1 g/L and field doses of 1 g/L temephos. Egg-laying ability, hatching ability, and production of offspring were also recorded. Results revealed that 74%, 84%, 97.5%, 97.5%, and 100% mortality was observed within one hour of exposure to the laboratory dose from Dagon, Insein, North Dagon, Shwe Pyi Thar, and South Dagon townships, respectively. However, all F1 generation Aedes aegypti larvae exhibited 100% mortality within 24 hours when exposed to both laboratory and field doses of temephos. Meanwhile, the notable high mean for egg-laying was observed in the F2 generation (76.77 ± 23.14 eggs, range: 40-105) and the F3 generation (74.95 ± 23.14 eggs, range: 60-101). The F2 generation also exhibited the highest egg hatching ability (73.29 ± 6.3%). In all generations, the emergence of female pupae was higher than that of male pupae. Field dose of temephos remains effective against Aedes aegypti larvae within 1 and 24 hours, although some tolerance to laboratory doses was observed within one hour. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the test larvae from all areas remain susceptible to temephos. The high egg-laying capacity of F2 and F3 generations, coupled with the higher emergence of females, poses a potential risk for dengue transmission. Therefore, temephos can still be used as a larvicide, particularly for controlling Aedes aegypti larvae.
Research Article
Khin Hnin Yee, Than Myat Htay, Maung Maung Mya, Hnin Ohnmar Oo, Win Pa Pa Naing & Han Win
Abstract: Rodents, as mice and rats are the most common laboratory animals used in research and testing. The parasite infections can affect investigations by inducing physiological and immunological alterations in the hosts, increasing or diminishing host susceptibility to experimental stress, inducing tissue damages stimulating abnormal tissue growth competing with the host for nutrients, decreasing the volume of host’s blood and body fluids and by mechanical interference. Therefore, the study aimed to determine the effects of different de-worming drugs on intestinal parasites in laboratory mice (Mus musculus) from August 2023 to January 2024. Before experiment, mice groups were checked and detected parasite’s eggs by the taping method. Intestinal parasites index 4 plus positive 30 males and 30 female mice and 10 each male and female were selected from colony and housed in cages in breeding rooms separately. Before treatment of de-worming drugs, 10 each of male and female mice will be housed in 8 cages separately according to de-worming drugs except control cages in the testing room at 22±2°C, RH 65±5% and good air ventilation. All the tested mice were given to free access the diet and tap water during the experimental period. Treatment regimens as Mebendazole, Albendazole and Praferan for mice were used orally administration of 10mg/kg/day for 10 consecutive days. After the de-worming test all the tested mice were checked and examined the intestinal parasites weekly till to fine reinfection. Results revealed that highest number of mice were Pinworm positive followed by Ascariasis. After intervention by three de-worming drugs on 4plus parasites positive mice were cleaned all kinds of intestinal parasites till 15 weeks expect Mebendazole. Albendazole and Praferan were found most effective de worming drugs for mice population. After 14weeks or during 15 weeks, Mebendazole treated mice were found 10% of reinfected by pin worm infection. Albendazole and Praferan are suitable de-worming drugs for laboratory mice. Intestinal parasite or worms are transmitted through fecal-oral contact (injection of embryonated eggs). Therefore, cages and its utensils of de-wormed mice should be cleaned with detergent daily and need to treat three monthly monitoring of parasite control plan in mice husbandry colony.
Research Article
Nayyar Ahmed Khan, Asif Rashid Khan & Sivaram Rajeyyagari
Abstract: The traditional teaching and learning model have long been centered around face-to-face classroom instruction, complemented by hands-on activities in laboratories and the use of physical educational equipment within schools and universities. However, the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic brought about an unprecedented disruption to this model, compelling educational institutions worldwide to transition abruptly to online learning environments. This shift significantly altered the dynamics of both teaching and learning, introducing new digital platforms, tools, and methodologies. While it enabled continuity of education, it also revealed several challenges including reduced student engagement, technological barriers, and adaptation difficulties for both educators and learners. This study examines the major transformations observed during this critical period, highlighting the impact of the pandemic on educational practices, student behavior, and instructional delivery, and explores the implications for the future of hybrid and digital learning ecosystems.
Research Article
Strengthening National Defense and Foreign Policy in Uzbekistan’s Strategic Agenda
Sotvoldiyev Jakhongir Sultonali ugli
Abstract: This article examines the development of Uzbekistan's international security strategy within an increasingly interconnected global framework. It underscores the interdependence of national, regional, and global stability, stressing Uzbekistan’s firm dedication to peaceful resolution of conflicts, arms control, and cooperative international relations. Grounded in state doctrines and presidential policies, the study delves into the guiding principles of the nation’s foreign policy emphasizing sovereignty, neutrality, mutual benefit, and diplomatic engagement. The paper also analyzes critical reforms such as the formation of the National Guard and the Defense Industry Committee. Uzbekistan’s active participation in international alliances like the SCO reflects its aim to reinforce collective security while preserving its independent foreign policy course amid complex global dynamics.
Research Article
Living Smart: AI-Based Urban Assistance Systems for Sustainable Wellbeing in Small Cities
Nayyar Ahmed Khan & Danish Ahamad
Abstract: It is commonly observed that when traveling to an unfamiliar city, it can often be challenging to find help when needed. Whether it’s locating markets, food outlets, pharmacies, hospitals, workshops, or other essential services, travelers require a reliable guide that is easily accessible. While applications like digital maps are helpful to some extent, they often fail to provide timely, location-specific information. Moreover, these tools are typically not directly connected to service providers, making it difficult to identify and contact the right person or place for assistance. As a result, finding accurate and immediate information in a particular location becomes a cumbersome task. To address this issue, there is a clear need for a solution that connects users directly with available services in real time. The system we propose is designed to support access to a wide range of necessary services that visitors frequently require when exploring a new city. This platform aims to make the process of finding and utilizing such services seamless, efficient, and user-friendly.
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