The traditional teaching and learning model have long been centered around face-to-face classroom instruction, complemented by hands-on activities in laboratories and the use of physical educational equipment within schools and universities. However, the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic brought about an unprecedented disruption to this model, compelling educational institutions worldwide to transition abruptly to online learning environments. This shift significantly altered the dynamics of both teaching and learning, introducing new digital platforms, tools, and methodologies. While it enabled continuity of education, it also revealed several challenges including reduced student engagement, technological barriers, and adaptation difficulties for both educators and learners. This study examines the major transformations observed during this critical period, highlighting the impact of the pandemic on educational practices, student behavior, and instructional delivery, and explores the implications for the future of hybrid and digital learning ecosystems.

Keywords: Covid 19, E-Learning, Teaching, Learning, System, Development, Education, Culture, Digital, Platforms, IoT, Software.

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Source of Funding:

No internal or external funding was obtained for this study.

Competing Interests Statement:

The authors declare no competing financial, professional, or personal interests.

Consent for publication:

The authors declare that they consented to the publication of this study.

Authors' contributions:

All the authors took part in literature review, analysis, and manuscript writing equally.

Ethical Approval:

Not applicable.

Informed Consent:

Not applicable.