Agriculture in Ethiopia is dominated by smallholder rain-fed systems, but low and erratic rainfall limits productivity and food security. Consequently, investment in small-scale irrigation has been identified as a key poverty reduction strategy. The Spiral Coil pump is a non-conventional water pump, which could be powered by the flow energy of river water without electricity or fuel. It is very useful, especially in rural areas, for farming and irrigation purposes. The Spiral Coil pump comes under the category of a low-to-moderate lift pump. The experiment was conducted at Seka and Karsa wereda of Jimma Zone on Gibe and Bulbul River, respectively. Increasing the hose diameter leads to better coil pump performance. The pump was proven capable of delivering over 12 L/min of water under pressure heads of up to 12 m. The discharge of the pump at different heads was seen to decrease as the head increases. To improve the sustainability and performance of the pump, it is recommended to add a floating structure, allowing adjustment to water levels, increasing discharge, and extending its lifespan.

Keywords: Spiral Water Pump, Undershot Water Wheel, Small-scale Irrigation, Jimma Zone, Gibe River, Bulbul River, Ethiopia, Pump Discharge, Total Head (Pressure Head), Pump Efficiency, Hose/Coil Diameter, Multi-layer Coil, Dual-side Winding (Left & Right), River Flow Velocity.

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Source of Funding:

This study received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Competing Interests Statement:

The authors declare that they have no competing interests related to this work.

Consent for publication:

The authors declare that they consented to the publication of this study.

Authors' contributions:

All the authors took part in literature review, analysis, and manuscript writing equally.

Availability of data and materials:

Supplementary information is available from the authors upon reasonable request.

Institutional Review Board Statement:

Not applicable for this study.

Informed Consent:

Not applicable for this study.

Acknowledgments:

The authors express their sincere gratitude to the Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Jimma Agricultural Engineering Research Center, farmers, agricultural experts, and local research collaborators who participated in the Improvement and On-Farm Evaluation of a Locally Fabricated Spiral Water Pump for Small-Scale Irrigation in Jimma Zone, Ethiopia, their valuable insights, field assistance, and continuous engagement played a significant role in the success of this study.